,,2G9N]'S ,,ABACUS ,9/RUC;NS = ,USE BY ,K>5 ,J4 ,POPPE ,,AM]ICAN ,,PR9T+ ,,H\SE ,,= ,,! ,,BL1 ,,9C4 ,CATALOG ,NO4 #E-JCAHJ-JJ ,KIT ,NO4 #A-JCAHJ-JJ ,,APH ,/AFF3 ,K>5 ,J4 ,POPPE1 ,AU?OR ,EL1NOR ,PE/]1 ,PROJECT ,DIRECTOR ,LORETTA ,CURRY1 ,LAY\T & ,DESIGN ,COPY"R #AIIG ,ALL ,"RS ,RES]V$4 ,AM]ICAN ,PR9T+ ,H\SE =! ,BL1 ,9C4 #AHCI ,FRANK=T ,AV5UE ,P4,O4 ,BOX #FJHE ,L\ISVILLE1 ,,KY #DJBJF-JJHE ,,9TRODUC;N #A ,! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS IS ID1L = 9TRODUC+ VISU,Y IMPAIR$ /UD5TS 6E>LY MA? 3CEPTS & NUMB] OP],NS1 Z WELL Z 6-MON ABACUS T]M9OLOGY4 ,X SUPPORTS 3CEPTS & SKILLS S* Z "O-TO-"O CORRESPOND;E1 NUMB] M1N+ OR "U/&+1 A4I;N1 & SUBTRAC;N4 ,X AL L5DS XF 6PREP>+ A "Y /UD5T = 9TRODUC;N 6! ,CRANM] ,ABACUS4 ,! /RUCTURE (! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS IS "*IZ$ 0A BLACK RECTANGUL> FRAME : SURR.DS TWO COLUMNS OR RODS ) #I MOVA# :ITE B1DS ON EA*4 ,A R$ FELT BACKGR.D PROVIDES A %>P VISUAL 3TRA/4 ,! SIMPLE DESIGN (! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS ALL[S = DIRECT REPRES5T,N (A GIV5 VALUE & 5H.ED R1DABIL;Y = 8LL F+]S40 ,POSI;N+ = ,USE4 ,! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS IS 9T5D$ 6BE PLAC$ ON A FLAT1 SECURE SURFACE OR HELD 9 "O'S PALM )! COLUMNS ( B1DS P]P5DICUL> 6! US]'S BODY4 ,! EMBOSS$ ,,APH LOGO 9DICATES ! TOP (! ABACUS4 .,OV]VIEW .( .,LESSONS4 ,! LESSONS PROVID$ 9 ? BOOK >E A GUIDE 6PRES5T+ ! FUNC;NS (! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS4 ,!Y PRES5T A />T+ PO9T = ABACUS 9/RUC;N & >E >RANG$ 9 A PROGRESSIVE MANN] F "O-TO-"O CORRESPOND;E "? SUBTRAC;N4 ,A F9AL *APT] HIE Z FOLL[S3 #1_4 ,"O-TO-,"O ,CORRESPOND;E #2_4 ,SETT+ ,NUMB]S 9 ! ,"OS ,COLUMN #3_4 ,SETT+ ,NUMB]S 9 ! ,T5S ,COLUMN #4_4 ,US+ ,BO? ! ,T5S ,COLUMN &! ,"OS ,COLUMN 6,SET ,NUMB]S #5_4 ,DIRECT ,A4I;N3 ,A4+ ,DIRECTLY 6! ,"OS ,COLUMN &/OR ! ,T5S ,COLUMN #6_4 ,9DIRECT ,A4I;N3 ,A4+ 6! ,"OS ,COLUMN ) ,REGR\P+ 6! ,T5S ,COLUMN #7_4 ,DIRECT ,SUBTRAC;N3 ,SUBTRACT+ ,DIRECTLY F ! ,"OS ,COLUMN &/OR ! ,T5S ,COLUMN #8_4 ,9DIRECT ,SUBTRAC;N3 ,REGR\P+ F ! ,T5S ,COLUMN 6! ,"OS ,COLUMN #9_4 ,TRANSI;N F ! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS 6! ,CRANM] ,ABACUS #C .,T]M9OLOGY .,9TRODUC$4 ,"?\T ! LESSONS1 T]MS -MON 6ABACUS US]S >E 5C.T]$4 ,:5 A B1D IS 8SET0 OR MOV$ T[>D ! TOP (! FRAME1 X TAKES ON VALUE4 ,9 3TRA/1 :5 A B1D IS 8CLE>$0 OR MOV$ AWAY F ! TOP (! FRAME1 X LOSES XS VALUE4 ,X IS ESS5TIAL T ! ABACUS ALW 2 CLE>$1 ) ALL B1DS 9 BO? COLUMNS MOV$ T[>D ! BOTTOM (! FRAME1 2F ! US] 2G9S SETT+ VALUES OR P]=M+ -PUT,NS4 ,,2G9N]'S ,,ABACUS3 ,LESSON #1 ,"O-,TO-,"O ,CORRESPOND;E ,"H >E "S EXAMPLES ( H[ 6USE ! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS 6ILLU/RATE "O-TO-"O CORRESPOND;E4 ,9DIVIDUAL B1DS C 2 US$ 6REPRES5T EA* FAMILY MEMB]1 EA* /UD5T SITT+ AT A TA#1 & S =?4 ,MY ,FAMILY ,MEMB]S C 2 %[N ON ! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS )A B1D AT ! TOP "R = ,MOM1 ANO!R = ,DAD1 &A ?IRD = ,MATT4 ,MY ,S*OOL ,TA# C 2 %[N )A B1D AT ! TOP "R = ,MATT1 "O = ,LISA1 "O = ,TOM1 "O = ,JANET1 & "O = ,*RIS4 ,PRACTICE ,ACTIVITIES ,! SU7E/$ ACTIVITIES 2L PROVIDE FUR!R PRACTICE ) "O-TO-"O CORRESPOND;E US+ ! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS4 ,REM9D ! /UD5T 6ALW CLE> ! ABACUS 6Z]O 2F 2G9N+ EA* ACTIV;Y4 #1_4 ,H ! /UD5T "N ! F\R S1SONS & SET A B1D = EA*4 #2_4 ,H ! /UD5T SET A B1D = E S.D HE>D )9 A SPECIFI$ "T4 #3_4 ,H ! /UD5T USE ! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS Z A SCOREC>D--SETT+ A B1D = EA* GOAL1 BASKET1 RUN1 \1 & S =?4 #4_4 ,H ! /UD5T SET A B1D = EA* BOOK 9 HIS/H] DESK4 ,V>I,NS #1_4 ,HELP ! /UD5T SET ! TOTAL NUMB] ( "DS UNTIL "S SPECIAL EV5T TAKES PLACE ON ! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS4 ,!N H ! /UD5T CLE> A B1D AT ! SAME "T #E EA* "D UNTIL ! EV5T O3URS4 #2_4 ,IF ASK$ 6PASS \ NAPK9S (OR "S?+ ELSE) 6A SMALL GR\P1 ! /UD5T CD SET A B1D ON ! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS = EA* P]SON 9 ! GR\P4 ,HE OR %E CD !N CLE> A B1D = EA* NAPK9 PLAC$ 9 A PILE 6TAKE 6! GR\P4 ,,2G9N]'S ,,ABACUS3 ,LESSON #2 ,SETT+ ,NUMB]S 9 ! ,"OS ,COLUMN ,"H >E "S EXAMPLES ( NUMB]S SET 9 ! "OS COLUMN (I4E41 ! "R-H& COLUMN) ON ! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS3 #0 IS SET ) NO B1DS AT ! TOP 9 EI COLUMN4 #1 IS SET ) NO B1DS AT TOP LEFT & #1 B1D AT TOP "R4 #2 IS SET ) NO B1DS AT TOP LEFT & #2 B1DS AT TOP "R4 #5 IS SET ) NO B1DS AT TOP LEFT & #5 B1DS AT TOP "R4 #9 IS SET ) NO B1DS AT TOP LEFT & #9 B1DS AT TOP "R4 ,PRACTICE ,ACTIVITIES ,LET ! /UD5T PRACTICE SETT+ ! NUMB]S GIV5 2L ON ! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS4 ,REM9D ! /UD5T 6ALW CLE> ! ABACUS 6Z]O 2F 2G9N+4 ,PROVIDE FUR!R PRACTICE 0LETT+ ! /UD5T SET NUMB]S #0 "? #9 9 V>I\S R&OM ORD]S Z WELL Z 9 SEQU5TIAL ORD]4 #1_4 ,SET #3 #2_4 ,SET #4 #3_4 ,SET #6 #4_4 ,SET #7 #5_4 ,SET #8 ,,2G9N]'S ,,ABACUS3 ,LESSON #3 ,SETT+ ,NUMB]S 9 ! ,T5S ,COLUMN ,"H >E "S EXAMPLES ( NUMB]S SET 9 ! T5S COLUMN (I4E41 ! LEFT-H& COLUMN) ON ! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS4 ,NOTE T EA* B1D 9 ! T5S COLUMN IS EQUAL TO #10 "OS4 #G #10 IS SET ) #1 B1D AT TOP LEFT & NO B1DS AT TOP "R4 #30 IS SET ) #3 B1DS AT TOP LEFT & NO B1DS AT TOP "R4 #40 IS SET ) #4 B1DS AT TOP LEFT & NO B1DS AT TOP "R4 #70 IS SET ) #7 B1DS AT TOP LEFT & NO B1DS AT TOP "R4 #80 IS SET ) #8 B1DS AT TOP LEFT & NO B1DS AT TOP "R4 ,PRACTICE ,ACTIVITIES ,LET ! /UD5T PRACTICE SETT+ ! NUMB]S GIV5 2L ON ! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS4 ,REM9D ! /UD5T 6ALW CLE> ! ABACUS 6Z]O 2F SETT+ ! NUMB] & 62G9 SETT+ ! NUMB] 9 ! LEFT COLUMN (I4E41 ! T5S COLUMN)_4 ,PO9T \ 6! /UD5T T NO B1DS >E SET 9 ! "OS COLUMN S9CE Z]O IS ! SECOND DIGIT 9 EA* ( ^! NUMB]S4 #1_4 ,SET #20 #2_4 ,SET #50 #3_4 ,SET #60 #4_4 ,SET #90 ,NOTE3 ,"S *N MIK ! FIF? OR MI4LE B1D 9 EA* COLUMN ) TAPE 6MAKE X EASY 6ID5TIFY Z AN IMPORTANT B5*M>K ON ! ABACUS4 ,,2G9N]'S ,,ABACUS3 ,LESSON #4 ,US+ ,BO? ! ,T5S ,COLUMN & ,"OS ,COLUMN 6,SET ,NUMB]S ,"H >E "S EXAMPLES ( NUMB]S SET ON ! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS US+ BO? ! T5S COLUMN &! "OS COLUMN3 #11 IS SET ) #1 B1D AT TOP LEFT & #1 B1D AT TOP "R4 #32 IS SET ) #3 B1DS AT TOP LEFT & #2 B1DS AT TOP "R4 #47 IS SET ) #4 B1DS AT TOP LEFT & #7 B1DS AT TOP "R4 #86 IS SET ) #8 B1DS AT TOP LEFT & #6 B1DS AT TOP "R4 #I #92 IS SET ) #9 B1DS AT TOP LEFT & #2 B1DS AT TOP "R4 ,PRACTICE ,ACTIVITIES ,F/ H ! /UD5T ID5TIFY ! T5S & "OS 9 EA* NUMB]4 ,!N LET ! /UD5T PRACTICE SETT+ ! NUMB]S GIV5 2L ON ! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS4 ,REM9D ! /UD5T 6ALW CLE> ! ABACUS 6Z]O 2F 2G9N+4 #1_4 ,SET #17 #6_4 ,SET #94 #2_4 ,SET #29 #7_4 ,SET #41 #3_4 ,SET #65 #8_4 ,SET #37 #4_4 ,SET #78 #9_4 ,SET #69 #5_4 ,SET #53 #10_4 ,SET #84 ,,2G9N]'S ,,ABACUS3 ,LESSON #5 ,DIRECT ,A4I;N3 ,A4+ ,DIRECTLY 6! ,"OS ,COLUMN &/OR ! ,T5S ,COLUMN ,"H >E "S EXAMPLES ( A4I;N PRO#MS SOLV$ ON ! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS 0A4+ DIRECTLY 6! "OS COLUMN &/OR ! T5S COLUMN4 ,NOTICE T A4+ ALW 2G9S ON ! LEFT & MOVES 6! "R 5D+ 9 ! "OS COLUMN4 ,EXAMPLE #1_3 #2+3 .K #5 ,SET #2_4 (,ABACUS %[S NO B1DS AT TOP LEFT & #B B1DS AT TOP "R4) ,ADD #3 "OS DIRECTLY 6! #B 9 ! "OS COLUMN 6>RIVE AT ! SUM ( #5_4 (,ABACUS %[S NO B1DS AT TOP LEFT & #5 B1DS AT TOP "R4) ,EXAMPLE #2_3 #36+3 .K #39 ,SET #36_4 (,ABACUS %[S #3 B1DS AT TOP LEFT & #6 B1DS AT TOP "R4) ,ADD #3 "OS DIRECTLY 6! #6 9 ! "OS COLUMN 6>RIVE AT ! SUM #39_4 (,ABACUS %[S #3 B1DS AT TOP LEFT & #9 B1DS AT TOP "R4) ,EXAMPLE #3_3 #21+45 .K #66 ,SET #21_4 (,ABACUS %[S #2 B1DS AT TOP LEFT & #1 B1D AT TOP "R4) ,ADD #4 T5S DIRECTLY 6! #2 9 ! T5S COLUMN & #5 6! #1 9 ! "OS COLUMN 6>RIVE AT ! SUM #66_4 (,ABACUS #AA %[S #6 B1DS AT TOP LEFT & #6 B1DS AT TOP "R4) ,PRACTICE ,PRO#MS ,LET ! /UD5T SOLVE ! FOLL[+ A4I;N PRO#MS US+ ! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS4 ,REM9D ! /UD5T 6ALW CLE> ! ABACUS 6Z]O 2F 2G9N+4 #1_4 #2+1 #7_4 #42+5 #2_4 #5+4 #8_4 #71+8 #3_4 #6+2 #9_4 #33+44 #4_4 #3+3 #10_4 #27+52 #5_4 #57+2 #11_4 #56+41 #6_4 #11+7 #12_4 #30+40 ,NOTE3 ,:5 3/RUCT+ YR [N A4I;N PRO#MS1 REMEMB] T ! SUM C N"E EXCE$ #II ON ! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS4 ,,2G9N]'S ,,ABACUS3 ,LESSON #6 ,9DIRECT ,A4I;N3 ,A4+ 6! ,"OS ,COLUMN ) ,REGR\P+ 6! ,T5S ,COLUMN ,IF "! >E N 5 B1DS 9 ! "OS COLUMN 6ADD ! NUMB] ( B1DS 9 A PRO#M1 !N REGR\P+ 6! T5S COLUMN IS NEC4 ,USE ! FOLL[+ RULES 6HELP SOLVE A4I;N PRO#MS ON ! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS :5 Y M/ REGR\P3 ,6ADD #1, SET #1 T5 9 ! T5S COLUMN & CLE> #9 "OS 9 ! "OS COLUMN4 ,6ADD #2, SET #1 T5 9 ! T5S COLUMN & CLE> #8 "OS 9 ! "OS COLUMN4 ,6ADD #3, SET #1 T5 9 ! T5S COLUMN & CLE> #7 "OS 9 ! "OS COLUMN4 ,6ADD #4, SET #1 T5 9 ! T5S COLUMN & CLE> #6 "OS 9 ! "OS COLUMN4 ,6ADD #5, SET #1 T5 9 ! T5S COLUMN & CLE> #5 "OS 9 ! "OS COLUMN4 ,6ADD #6, SET #1 T5 9 ! T5S COLUMN & CLE> #4 "OS 9 ! "OS COLUMN4 ,6ADD #7, SET #1 T5 9 ! T5S COLUMN & CLE> #3 "OS 9 ! "OS COLUMN4 #AC ,6ADD #8, SET #1 T5 9 ! T5S COLUMN & CLE> #2 "OS 9 ! "OS COLUMN4 ,6ADD #9, SET #1 T5 9 ! T5S COLUMN & CLE> #1 "O 9 ! "OS COLUMN4 ,EXAMPLE #1_3 #3+8 .K #11 ,SET #3_4 (,ABACUS %[S NO B1DS AT TOP LEFT & #3 B1DS AT TOP "R4) ,ADD #8 0SETT+ #1 T5 6! T5S COLUMN & CLE>+ #2 "OS F ! "OS COLUMN 6>RIVE AT ! SUM #11_4 (,ABACUS %[S #1 B1D AT TOP LEFT & #1 B1D AT TOP "R4) ,EXAMPLE #2_3 #77+3 .K #80 ,SET #77_4 (,ABACUS %[S #7 B1DS AT TOP LEFT & #7 B1DS AT TOP "R4) ,ADD #3 0SETT+ #1 T5 6! T5S COLUMN & CLE>+ #7 "OS F ! "OS COLUMN 6>RIVE AT ! SUM #80_4 (,ABACUS %[S #8 B1DS AT TOP LEFT & NO B1DS AT TOP "R4) ,EXAMPLE #3_3 #24+36 .K #60 ,SET #24_4 (,ABACUS %[S #2 B1DS AT TOP LEFT & #4 B1DS AT TOP "R4) ,ADD #3 T5S DIRECTLY 6! T5S COLUMN2 !N ADD #6 "OS 0SETT+ "O T5 9 ! T5S COLUMN & CLE>+ #4 "OS F ! "OS COLUMN 6>RIVE AT ! SUM #60_4 (,ABACUS %[S #6 B1DS AT TOP LEFT & NO B1DS AT TOP "R4) ,PRACTICE ,PRO#MS ,LET ! /UD5T SOLVE ! FOLL[+ A4I;N PRO#MS US+ ! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS4 ,REM9D ! /UD5T 6ALW CLE> ! ABACUS 6Z]O 2F 2G9N+4 ..,APPLY+ "O (! RULES ON PAGE #8 W 2 .NEC4 #1_4 #8+2 #13_4 #75+5 #2_4 #9+3 #14_4 #19+4 #3_4 #6+4 #15_4 #68+2 #4_4 #8+5 #16_4 #89+1 #5_4 #5+6 #17_4 #66+24 #6_4 #3+7 #18_4 #35+47 #7_4 #4+8 #19_4 #11+39 #8_4 #7+9 #20_4 #54+39 #9_4 #21+9 #21_4 #45+26 #10_4 #36+6 #22_4 #68+15 #11_4 #53+7 #23_4 #72+18 #12_4 #44+6 #24_4 #26+66 #AE ,NOTE3 ,:5 3/RUCT+ YR [N A4I;N PRO#MS1 REMEMB] T ! SUM C N"E EXCE$ #99 ON ! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS4 ,,2G9N]'S ,,ABACUS3 ,LESSON #7 ,DIRECT ,SUBTRAC;N3 ,SUBTRACT+ ,DIRECTLY F ! ,"OS ,COLUMN &/OR ! ,T5S ,COLUMN ,"H >E "S EXAMPLES ( SOLV+ SUBTRAC;N PRO#MS )! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS 0SUBTRACT+ DIRECTLY F ! "OS COLUMN &/OR ! T5S COLUMN4 ,NOTICE T SUBTRACT+ ALW 2G9S ON ! LEFT & MOVES 6! "R 5D+ 9 ! "OS COLUMN4 ,EXAMPLE #1_3 #8-2 .K #6 ,SET #8_4 (,ABACUS %[S NO B1DS AT TOP LEFT & #8 B1DS AT TOP "R4) ,SUBTRACT #2 "OS DIRECTLY F ! #8 9 ! "OS COLUMN 6>RIVE AT ! DI6];E #6_4 (,ABACUS %[S NO B1DS AT TOP LEFT & #6 B1DS AT TOP "R4) ,EXAMPLE #2_3 #25-4 .K #21 ,SET #25_4 (,ABACUS %[S #2 B1DS AT TOP LEFT & #5 B1DS AT TOP "R4) ,SUBTRACT #4 "OS DIRECTLY F ! #5 9 ! "OS COLUMN 6>RIVE AT ! DI6];E #21_4 (,ABACUS %[S #2 B1DS AT TOP LEFT & #1 B1D AT TOP "R4) ,EXAMPLE #3_3 #54-42 .K #12 ,SET #54_4 (,ABACUS %[S #5 B1DS AT TOP LEFT & #4 B1DS AT TOP "R4) ,SUBTRACT #4 T5S F ! #5 9 ! T5S COLUMN 6>RIVE AT ! DI6];E #12_4 (,ABACUS %[S #1 B1D AT TOP LEFT & #2 B1DS AT TOP "R4) ,PRACTICE ,PRO#MS ,LET YR /UD5T SOLVE ! FOLL[+ SUBTRAC;N PRO#MS US+ ! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS4 ,REM9D ! /UD5T 6ALW CLE> ! ABACUS 6Z]O 2F 2G9N+ & 2G9 SUBTRACT+ F ! LEFT4 #1_4 #4-3 #7_4 #19-8 #AG #2_4 #6-5 #8_4 #58-7 #3_4 #9-7 #9_4 #63-12 #4_4 #7-25 #10_4 #99-47 #5_4 #44-3 #11_4 #26-22 #6_4 #35-5 #12_4 #71-50 ,,2G9N]'S ,,ABACUS3 ,LESSON #8 ,9DIRECT ,SUBTRAC;N3 ,REGR\P+ F ! ,T5S ,COLUMN 6! ,"OS ,COLUMN ,USE ! FOLL[+ RULES :5 SOLV+ SUBTRAC;N PRO#MS ON ! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS :5 REGR\P+ F ! T5S COLUMN 6! "OS COLUMN IS NEC4 ,6SUBTRACT #1, CLE> #1 T5 F ! T5S COLUMN & SET #9 "OS 9 ! "OS COLUMN4 ,6SUBTRACT #2, CLE> #1 T5 F ! T5S COLUMN & SET #8 "OS 9 ! "OS COLUMN4 ,6SUBTRACT #3, CLE> #1 T5 F ! T5S COLUMN & SET #7 "OS 9 ! "OS COLUMN4 ,6SUBTRACT #4, CLE> #1 T5 F ! T5S COLUMN & SET #6 "OS 9 ! "OS COLUMN4 ,6SUBTRACT #5, CLE> #1 T5 F ! T5S COLUMN & SET #5 "OS 9 ! "OS COLUMN4 ,6SUBTRACT #6, CLE> #1 T5 F ! T5S COLUMN & SET #4 "OS 9 ! "OS COLUMN4 ,6SUBTRACT #7, CLE> #1 T5 F ! T5S COLUMN & SET #3 "OS 9 ! "OS COLUMN4 ,6SUBTRACT #8, CLE> #1 T5 F ! T5S COLUMN & SET #2 "OS 9 ! "OS COLUMN4 ,6SUBTRACT #9, CLE> #1 T5 F ! T5S COLUMN & SET #1 "O 9 ! "OS COLUMN4 ,EXAMPLE #1_3 #15-8 .K #7 ,SET #15_4 (,ABACUS %[S #1 B1D AT TOP LEFT & #5 B1DS AT TOP "R4) ,SUBTRACT #8 0CLE>+ #1 T5 F ! T5S COLUMN & SETT+ #2 "OS 9 ! "OS COLUMN 6>RIVE AT ! DI6];E #7_4 (,ABACUS %[S NO B1D AT TOP LEFT & #7 B1DS AT TOP "R4) ,PRACTICE ,PRO#MS ,LET ! /UD5T SOLVE ! FOLL[+ SUBTRAC;N PRO#MS US+ ! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS4 ,REM9D ! /UD5T 6ALW CLE> ! ABACUS 6Z]O 2F 2G9N+4 ..,9DIRECT SUBTRAC;N OR REGR\P+ W 2 .NEC4 #AI #1_4 #13-5 #6_4 #32-23 #2_4 #21-9 #7_4 #83-77 #3_4 #36-8 #8_4 #55-47 #4_4 #54-6 #9_4 #42-28 #5_4 #72-5 #10_4 #64-7 ,,TRANSI;N ,,F ,,! ,,2G9N]'S ,,ABACUS ,,6,,! ,,CRANM] ,,ABACUS ,9TRODUC;N 6! ,CRANM] ,ABACUS IS RECOMM5D$ Z SOON Z ! VISU,Y IMPAIR$ /UD5T HAS MA/]$ ! A4I;N & SUBTRAC;N MA? FACTS = #5 & #10_4 ,! ,CRANM] ,ABACUS W 5A# ! /UD5T 6BUILD ON ! 3CEPTS & SKILLS ACQUIR$ DUR+ ! USE (! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS1 6"W ) VALUES GRT] ?AN #99, & 6P]=M O!R MA!MATICAL OP],NS (E4G41 MULTIPLIC,N & DIVI.N)_4 ,:5 F/ 9TRODUC+ ! /UD5T 6! ,CRANM] ,ABACUS1 ! T1*] MAY WANT 6PO9T \ ! PHYSICAL DI6];ES 2T ! ,CRANM] ,ABACUS &! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS 9 A SIDE-BY-SIDE FA%ION4 ,NOTA# *ANGES 9CLUDE ! FOLL[+3 -- 9CR1S$ NUMB] ( COLUMNS -- DECR1S$ NUMB] ( B1DS P] COLUMN -- 9CLU.N (A SEP>,N B> DIVID+ A S+LE R[ ( B1DS F #4 R[S 2L -- REDUC;N 9 B1D SIZE (UN.S Y >E US+ ! ,L>GE ,ABACUS) -- APPE>.E ( RAIS$ DOTS & V]TICAL L9ES AL;G ! SEP>,N B>1 Z WELL Z ! BOTTOM (! FRAME : S]VE Z PLACE LOCATORS & -MAS OR DECIMALS1 RESPECTIVELY4 ,! S+LE R[ ( B1DS ABV ! SEP>,N B> ON ! ,CRANM] ,ABACUS 9DICATES ! TOP4 ,6SET ! ,CRANM] ,ABACUS 6Z]O1 ! S+LE R[ ( B1DS ABV ! SEP>,N B> %D 2 MOV$ T[>D ! TOP (! FRAME1 &! B1DS 2L ! SEP>,N B> %D 2 MOV$ T[>D ! BOTTOM (! FRAME4 ,:5 A B1D IS MOV$ CLOS] 6! SEP>,N B> X TAKES ON VALUE4 ,! S+LE R[ ( B1DS ABV ! SEP>,N B> REPRES5T1 F "R 6LEFT1 #5, #50, #500, & S =?4 ,6SET #5 ON ! ,CRANM] ,ABACUS1 = EXAMPLE1 MOVE ! B1D ON ! F> "R D[N UNTIL X IS POSI;N$ NEXT 6! SEP>,N B>4 ,? 3TRA/S 6! "O-TO-"O CORRESPOND;E ALL[$ ON ! ,2G9N]'S ,ABACUS1 ": #BA #5 9DIVIDUAL B1DS >E SET 6REPRES5T ! VALUE #5_4 ,= M 9=M,N ON US+ ! ,CRANM] ,ABACUS1 Y W F9D ! FOLL[+ 9/RUC;N BOOKS HELP;L3 -- ..,! ,ABACUS ,MADE .,EASY 0,DR4 ,MAE ,E4 ,DAVID[ -- ..,US+ ! ,CRANM] ,ABACUS =! .,BL 0,FR$ ,GISSONI ,= 9=M,N ON ^! & O!R RELAT$ PRODUCTS 3TACT3 ,,AM]ICAN ,,PR9T+ ,,H\SE ,,= ,,! ,,BL #AHCI ,FRANK=T ,AV5UE ,P4,O4 ,,BOX #FJHE ,L\ISVILLE1 ,K5TUCKY #DJBJF-JJHE ,PH"O3 #EJB-HIE-BDJE ;,E-,MAIL3 _+APH@IGLOU.COM_: