,BUILD-,A-,CELL ,/UD5T & ,T1*] ,GUIDE ,ROSANNE ,H(FMANN ,PUBLI%$ BY ! ,AM]ICAN ,PR9T+ ,H\SE = ! ,BL ,L\ISVILLE1 ,,KY WWW4APH4ORG ,COPY"R ^C #BJAI BY ! ,AM]ICAN ,PR9T+ ,H\SE = ! ,BL ,FUR!R REPRODUC;N OR 4TRIBU;N 9 O!R ?AN A SPECIALIZ$ =MAT IS PROHIBIT$4 ,9 #A ,VOLUME ,BRL PAGES T#A-T#C1 P#A-P#D & #A-#CB ,PR9T PAGES I-VI & #A-A#BA T#A ,,,SPECIAL SYMBOLS US$ 9 ? VOLUME,' .= ,DOT LOCATOR = 8M5;N0 .=4 ,P]IOD1 DOT1 DECIMAL PO9T .=9 ,SUP]SCRIPT 9DICATOR .=@A ,COMM]CIAL AT SIGN .=@.< ,OP5+ TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE .=@.> ,CLOS+ TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE .=^C ,COPY"R SIGN .=^1 ,BOLDFACE ^W 9DICATOR .=^/ ,ACUTE A35T ABV FOLL[+ LR .=_4 ,BULLET .=_/ ,SOLIDUS "<=W>D SLA%"> .="< ,OP5+ P>5!SIS .="> ,CLOS+ P>5!SIS .=.7 ,ITALIC PASSAGE 9DICATOR .=.' ,ITALIC T]M9ATOR .=; ,GRADE #A SYMBOL 9DICATOR .=,' ,CAPITALS T]M9ATOR .=,- ,DA% .=,, ,CAPITALS ^W 9DICATOR .=,,, ,CAPITALS PASSAGE 9DICATOR ,,TRANSCRIB]',S ,,NOTES ,? VOLUME HAS BE5 TRANSCRIB$ AC TO .7,! ,RULES ( ,UNIFI$ ,5GLI% ,BRL1.' ,SECOND ,$I;N #BJAC1 ) #BJAH ,UPDATES4 ,? VOLUME HAS BE5 TRANSCRIB$ AC TO .7,BRL ,=MATS3 ,PR9CIPLES ( ,PR9T-TO-,BRL ,TRANSCRIP;N1.' #BJAF4 ,BLOCK$ P>AGRAPHS 9 PR9T >E 9D5T$ 9 BRL4 T#C ,BUILD-,A-,CELL ,/UD5T & ,T1*] ,GUIDE ,ROSANNE ,H(FMANN1 ,PROJECT ,L1D] ,FR$ ,OTTO1 ,PROJECT ,ASSI/ANT ,RA*EL ,BI%OP1 ,RESE>* ,ASSI/ANT ,L>A ,KIRWAN1 ,RESE>* ,ASSI/ANT ,FRANK ,HAYD51 ,DIRECTOR ( ,TE*NICAL & ,MANUFACTUR+ ,RESE>* ,&REW ,M\LTON1 ,MANAG] ( ,TE*NICAL & ,MANUFACTUR+ ,RESE>* ,&REW ,DAK91 ,MODEL ,MAK] ,AN?ONY ,J"OS1 ,DIRECTOR ( ,CR1TIVE ,S]VICES ,LAURA ,GRE5WELL1 ,GRAPHIC ,DESIGN] ,AM]ICAN ,PR9T+ ,H\SE = ! ,BL1 ,9C4 P#A ,9 KEEP+ ) \R PHILOSOPHY TO PROVIDE A3ESS = P :O >E BL OR VISUALLY IMPAIR$1 ! ,AM]ICAN ,PR9T+ ,H\SE = ! ,BL PROVIDES A3ESSIBLE V].NS ( ? GUIDE = L>GE PR9T & BRL R1D]S4 ,AN ELECTRONIC FILE & BRL-R1DY FILE >E AVAILABLE AT WWW4APH4ORG_/MANUALS_/ ,BUILD-,A-,CELL ,/UD5T & ,T1*] ,GUIDE ,CATALOG ,NUMB] #A-#JHIGD-#JJ ,COPY"R ^C #BJAI BY ,AM]ICAN ,PR9T+ ,H\SE = ! ,BL4 ,ALL "RS RES]V$4 ,PR9T$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,AM]ICA4 ,? PUBLICA;N IS PROTECT$ BY COPY"R4 ,P]MIS.N %D 2 OBTA9$ F ! PUBLI%] PRIOR TO ANY REPRODUC;N1 /ORAGE 9 A RETRIEVAL SY/EM1 OR TRANSMIS.N 9 ANY =M OR BY ANY M1NS ELECTRONIC1 ME*ANICAL1 PHOTOCOPY1 RECORD+1 OR O!RWISE1 UN.S ": NOT$ ON SPECIFIC PAGES4 ,= 9=MA;N REG>D+ P]MIS.N1 3TACT ! PUBLI%] AT ! FOLL[+ ADDRESS3 ,AM]ICAN ,PR9T+ ,H\SE = ! ,BL #AHCI ,FRANK=T ,AV5UE ,L\ISVILLE1 ,,KY #DJBJF WWW4APH4ORG 9FO@AAPH4ORG #HJJ-#BBC-#AHCI #EJB-#HIE-#BDJE ,REF];E ,CITA;N3 ,H(FMANN1 ;,R4 "<#BJAI">4 .7,BUILD-,A-,CELL /UD5T & T1*] GUIDE4.' ,L\ISVILLE1 ,,KY3 ,AM]ICAN ,PR9T+ ,H\SE = ! ,BL4 P#C ,TABLE ( ,3T5TS ,FIELD ,REVIEW]S """""""""" IV ,BUILD-,A-,CELL ,COMPON5TS ;V ,KEY TO ,9T]NAL ,CELL ,/RUCTURES """""""""""""" VI ,9TRODUC;N """""""""""""""" #A ,BACT]IAL ,CELL ,TEMPLATE #B ,/RUCTURES ,F.D ,9SIDE ,BACT]IAL ,CELLS """""""" #E ,ANIMAL ,CELL ,TEMPLATE """ #G ,PLANT ,CELL ,TEMPLATE """" #H ,ORGANELLES & ,/RUCTURES ,F.D ,9SIDE ,ANIMAL & ,PLANT ,CELLS """""""""" #AJ ,ORGANELLES & ,/RUCTURES ,F.D ,9SIDE ,ANIMAL ,CELLS ,ONLY """"""""""" #AE ,ORGANELLES ,F.D ,9SIDE ,PLANT ,CELLS ,ONLY """" #AF ,ASSEMBL$ ,BACT]IAL ,CELL #AG ,ASSEMBL$ ,ANIMAL ,CELL "" #AH ,ASSEMBL$ ,PLANT ,CELL """ #AI ,ALIGN;T ,) ,NEXT ,G5]A;N ,SCI;E ,/&>DS "" #BJ ,BUILD-,A-,CELL I-IV ,/UD5T & ,T1*] ,GUIDE ,FIELD ,REVIEW]S ,KATE ,FRAS]1 ,T1*] ( ! ,VISUALLY ,IMPAIR$1 ,P]K9S ,S*OOL = ! ,BL1 ,WAT]T[N1 ,,MA ,NORMA ,FREIM>K1 ,T1*] ( ! ,VISUALLY ,IMPAIR$1 ,FALCON ,COVE ,MIDDLE ,S*OOL1 ,WE/ON1 ,,FL ,LAURA ,HOSPIT^/AL1 ,T1*] ( ! ,VISUALLY ,IMPAIR$1 ,TEXAS ,S*OOL = ! ,BL & ,VISUALLY ,IMPAIR$1 ,AU/91 ,,TX ,G9A ,MI*ELL1 ,T1*] ( ! ,VISUALLY ,IMPAIR$1 ,TU/9 ,UNIFI$ ,S*OOL ,4TRICT1 ,TU/91 ,,CA ,LYDIA ,MOREL&1 ,T1*] ( ! ,VISUALLY ,IMPAIR$ & ,SCI;E & ,H1L? ,T1*]1 ,WE/ ,VIRG9IA ,S*OOL = ! ,BL1 #A ,ROMNEY1 ,,WV AIV ,JANE ,MUNDS*5K1 ,C]TIFI$ ,ORI5TA;N & ,MOBIL;Y ,9/RUCTOR & ,SCI;E ,9/RUCTOR1 ,S\? ,DAKOTA ,S*OOL = ! ,BL & ,VISUALLY ,IMPAIR$1 ,AB]DE51 ;,,SD ,LAUR5 ,ROS5B]G1 ,T1*] ( ! ,VISUALLY ,IMPAIR$1 ,RUFUS ,K+ ,9T]NA;NAL ,HI< ,S*OOL1 ,MILWAUKEE1 ,,WI ,TAMMY ,W>=D1 ,T1*] ( ! ,VISUALLY ,IMPAIR$1 ,GRE5BU% ,S\?1/ ,KANSAS ,$UCA;N ,S]VICE ,C5T]1 ,GIR>D1 ,,KS ,LESLIE ,W"R1 ,SCI;E ,T1*]1 ,ALABAMA ,S*OOL = ! ,BL1 ,TALLADEGA1 ;,,AL ,BUILD-,A-,CELL ;V ,COMPON5TS _4 ,TWO COPIES ( A !RMO=M$ KEY TO 9T]NAL & EXT]NAL /RUCTURES 9 PR9T & BRL _4 ,?REE TACTILE CELL TEMPLATES REPRES5T+ BACT]IAL1 PLANT1 & ANIMAL CELLS4 ,! TEMPLATES 3SI/ ( COLOR$ TACTILE EXT]NAL /RUCTURES " SURR.D+ AN 9T]IOR ( BLACK LOOP MAT]IAL T REPRES5TS ! CYTOSOL4 ,! CYTOSOL IS ! SEMI-FLUID SUB/.E 9 : ALL 9T]NAL CELL COMPON5TS RESIDE1 & ! CYTOPLASM REF]S TO ALL "PS ( ! CELL " 3TA9$ BY ! CELL MEMBRANE EXCLUD+ ! NUCLEUS4 _4 ,?REE SETS ( TACTILE ORGANELLES & 9T]NAL #C /RUCTURES = EA* CELL A;V TYPE & A PACK ( HOOK MAT]IAL DOTS _4 ,?REE LOOP-MAT]IAL-COV]$ %EETS = ORGANELLE /ORAGE _4 ,BUILD-,A-,CELL ,/UD5T & ,T1*] ,GUIDE 9 L>GE PR9T _4 ,BUILD-,A-,CELL ,/UD5T & ,T1*] ,GUIDE 9 BRL "<,,UEB"> 9 A SEP>ATE B9D] ^1,9/RUCTORS3 ,PLACE "O OR TWO HOOK MAT]IAL DOTS ON ! BACK ( EA* ( ! 9T]NAL CELL /RUCTURES & ORGANELLES 2F US+ ! KIT4 ,KEY TO ,9T]NAL VI ,CELL ,/RUCTURES A PLASMID " C *LOROPLA/ "<;C"> E R\< 5DOPLASMIC RETICULUM "<;E"> G ,GOLGI APP>ATUS "<;G"> L LYSO"S "<;L"> M MITO*ONDRION "<;M"> N NUCLEUS "<;N"> O NUCLEOID REGION " P POLY"SS "<;P"> R RIBO"SS "<;R"> S SMOO? 5DOPLASMIC RETICULUM "<;S"> U NUCLEOLUS "<;U"> V VACUOLE "<;V"> X P]OXI"S "<;X"> Y CYTOSKELETON "<;Y"> Z C5TRO"S ) C5TRIOLES "<;Z"> #E ,9TRODUC;N #A ,? MODEL SY/EM IS DESIGN$ TO ASSI/ /UD5TS1 T1*]S ( ! VISUALLY IMPAIR$ "<,,TVI,'S">1 & CLASSROOM T1*]S ) LESSONS ON ! 9T]NAL & EXT]NAL /RUCTURE ( BACT]IAL1 PLANT1 & ANIMAL CELLS4 ,! FUNDA;TAL "*I/ICS ( & DI6];ES 2T V>I\S CELL TYPES H BE5 "KN = A L;G "T & >E 4CUSS$ 9 ALM ALL BIOLOGY TEXTBOOKS4 ,:ILE ALL CELLS %>E C]TA9 /RUCTURAL "PS,-= EXAMPLE1 A CELL MEMBRANE,- CELLS ( DI6]5T EVOLU;N>Y ORIG9S H COMPON5TS T SET !M A"P F EA* O!R4 ,? MODEL SY/EM IS USE;L TO 9TRODUCE & T1* ! 3CEPTS ( CELL /RUCTURE1 Z WELL Z TO *ECK /UD5T "U/&+ & COMPREH5.N4 ,A ,NOTE ,REG>D+ A#A ,CELL ,SIZE ,! ?REE CELL TYPES 9CLUD$ ) ? MODEL SY/EM >E PRES5T$ Z M OR LESS ! SAME SIZE4 ,9 R1L;Y1 A S+LE BACT]IAL CELL IS TYPICALLY #A-#E MICRONS 9 DIAMET]1 A DIM5.N RANGE T IS N POSSIBLE TO SEE )\T ! AID ( A MICROSCOPE4 ,TO GET AN IDEA ( J H[ SMALL T IS1 3SID] T #B MICRONS IS EQUAL TO "O T5-?\S&? ( AN 9* "<#J4JJJA 9*">1 : IS ?9N] ?AN A /R& ( SPID] SILK4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 PLANT & ANIMAL CELLS >E AB T5 TO "O HUNDR$ "TS L>G] ?AN A BACT]IAL CELL4 ,! TYPICAL SIZE RANGE ( ^! CELLS IS #AJ-#AJJ MICRONS ACR1 AB ! ?ICK;S ( A HUMAN HAIR OR ! DIAMET] ( A POLL5 GRA94 #G ,BACT]IAL ,CELL #B ,TEMPLATE ,COMMON BACT]IAL %APES 9CLUDE RODS1 SP"HS1 & SPIRALS2 ! %APE ( ! BACT]IAL CELL 9 ? MODEL IS A ROD4 ,! LAY]$ "PS ( ? BACT]IAL CELL TEMPLATE1 />T+ F ! \T]MO/ LAY]1 9CLUDE ! CAPSULE1 CELL WALL1 & CELL MEMBRANE4 @.<,PHOTO DESCRIP;N3 ,! BACT]IAL CELL TEMPLATE IS %[N ) L1D L9ES PO9T+ TO ! CAPSULE1 CELL WALL1 CELL MEMBRANE1 FIMBRIAE1 & FLAGELLUM4 ,^! /RUCTURES >E DESCRIB$ 9 ! TEXT & CORRELATE ) ! TACTILE MODEL4@.> ----------------------------#C ,CAPSULE ,! \T] ORANGE1 S&Y-TEXTUR$ LAY] ( ! BACT]IAL CELL TEMPLATE REPRES5TS ! A#C CAPSULE4 ,X IS A ?ICK LAY] ( /ICKY SUB/.ES T PROTECTS ! BACT]IUM & HELPS X /ICK TO O!R BACT]IA & SURFACES 9 XS 5VIRON;T4 ,N ALL BACT]IA H A CAPSULE4 ,CELL ,WALL ,! MIDDLE YELL[1 SMOO? LAY] J 9SIDE ! CAPSULE REPRES5TS ! CELL WALL4 ,X IS MADE ( 9T]L9K$ SUG> MOLECULES1 DI6]5T F ^? F.D 9 PLANT CELLS4 ,! CELL WALL PROVIDES /RUCTURAL SUPPORT & GIVES ! BACT]IUM XS %APE4 ,MO/1 B N ALL1 BACT]IA H A CELL WALL4 ,CELL ,MEMBRANE ,! 9N] BLUE1 DOT-TEXTUR$ LAY] REPRES5TS ! CELL MEMBRANE1 : ALL BACT]IA POSSESS4 ,X COMPRISES A BILAY] ( PHOSPHOLIPIDS EMB$D$ ) #I PROTE9S4 B#C ,FIMBRIAE ,! ?91 BLACK L9ES EM]G+ F ! CELL MEMBRANE 9 A P]P5DICUL> ORI5TA;N REPRES5T FIMBRIAE "1 FIMBRIA">4 ,^! /RUCTURES >E MADE ( PROTE9 & HELP BACT]IA AD"H TO O!R CELLS OR SURFACES 9 ! 5VIRON;T4 ,"S1 B N ALL1 BACT]IA POSSESS FIMBRIAE4 "<,D N 3FUSE FIMBRIAE ) CILIA1 : >E /RUCTURES F.D 9 "S ANIMAL CELLS4"> ----------------------------#D ,FLAGELLUM ,! L;G] & ?ICK] FILA;T\S /RUCTURE LOCAT$ AT ! BOTTOM ( ! CELL MODEL & CURV+ TO ! "R IS ! BACT]IAL FLAGELLUM4 ,BACT]IA C H "O1 _M1 OR NO FLAGELLA AT ALL4 ,BACT]IAL FLAGELLA EM]GE F ! CELL MEMBRANE1 >E L;G & A#D FLEXIBLE1 & >E MADE ( PROTE94 ,! BACT]IAL FLAGELLUM IS SIMIL> 9 APPE>.E TO FLAGELLA F.D 9 ANIMAL CELLS1 B !Y >E V DI6]5T 9 MOLECUL> /RUCTURE4 ,) XS :IP-L AC;N1 A FLAGELLUM ASSI/S 9 ! MOVE;T ( A BACT]IUM T[>D OR AWAY F A /IMULUS4 ----------------------------#E ,/RUCTURES ,F.D ,9SIDE ,BACT]IAL ,CELLS ,NUCLEOID ,REGION ,BACT]IA >E PROK>YOTIC CELLS4 ,? M1NS !Y D N H A MEMBRANE-B.D NUCLEUS OR ANY MEMBRANE-B.D ORGANELLES4 ,9/1D ( A NUCLEUS1 BACT]IA H A NUCLEOID REGION4 ,LOCAT$ 9 ! C5T] ( ! CELL1 ! NUCLEOID 3TA9S A S+LE *ROMO"S MADE ( "O L;G DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID "<,,DNA"> MOLECULE 9 ! #AA =M ( A CLOS$ LOOP4 A#E @.<,PHOTO DESCRIP;N3 ,! NUCLEOID REGION IS %[N ) A L1D L9E PO9T+ TO ! LOOP ( ,,DNA4 ,? /RUCTURE IS DESCRIB$ 9 ! TEXT & CORRELATES ) ! TACTILE MODEL4@.> ,RIBO"SS & ,POLY"SS ,RIBO"SS >E T9Y COMPLEXES ( RIBONUCLEIC ACID "<,,RNA"> & PROTE9 & >E ! SITES ( PROTE9 SYN!SIS 9 ALL CELLS4 ,RIBO"SS >E N MEMBRANE-B.D &1 "!=E1 N 3SID]$ ORGANELLES4 ,RIBO"SS C 2 F.D S+LY & FREE 9 ! CYTOPLASM ( BACT]IAL CELLS OR L9K$ TGR TO =M A *A9-L POLY"S4 @.<,PHOTO DESCRIP;N3 ,A *A9 ( 3NECT$ RAIS$ DOTS REPRES5T+ A POLY"S IS %[N ) A L1D L9E PO9T+ TO X4 ,? /RUCTURE IS DESCRIB$ 9 ! TEXT & CORRELATES ) ! TACTILE MODEL4@.> B#E @.<,PHOTO DESCRIP;N3 ,SCATT]$ RAIS$ DOTS REPRES5T+ RIBO"SS >E %[N ) A L1D L9E PO9T+ TO !M4 ,^! /RUCTURES >E DESCRIB$ 9 ! TEXT & CORRELATE ) ! TACTILE MODEL4@.> ----------------------------#F ,PLASMIDS ,"S BACT]IA AL POSSESS SMALL] LOOPS ( ,,DNA1 9 ADDI;N TO ! MA9 *ROMO"S1 T >E "KN Z PLASMIDS4 ,PLASMIDS 3TA9 3T+5CY G5ES T 9CR1SE ! SURVIVAL ( A BACT]IUM "U C]TA9 5VIRON;TAL 3DI;NS4 @.<,PHOTO DESCRIP;N3 ,RAIS$ CIRCLES REPRES5T+ TWO DI6]5T SIZES ( CLOS$ LOOPS ( ,,DNA >E %[N ) L1D L9ES PO9T+ TO !M4 ,^! /RUCTURES >E DESCRIB$ 9 ! TEXT & CORRELATE ) ! #AC TACTILE MODEL4@.> A#F ----------------------------#G ,ANIMAL ,CELL ,TEMPLATE ,ANIMAL CELLS COME 9 _M %APES2 ! ANIMAL CELL 9 ? MODEL IS "S:AT OBL;G4 @.<,PHOTO DESCRIP;N3 ,! ANIMAL CELL TEMPLATE IS %[N ) A L1D L9E PO9T+ TO ! CELL MEMBRANE4 ,? /RUCTURE IS DESCRIB$ 9 ! TEXT & CORRELATES ) ! TACTILE MODEL4@.> ,CELL ,MEMBRANE ,! BLUE1 DOT-TEXTUR$ \T] LAY] REPRES5TS ! CELL MEMBRANE1 : IS PRES5T 9 ALL ANIMAL CELLS4 ,! CELL MEMBRANE COMPRISES A PHOSPHOLIPID BILAY] EMB$D$ ) PROTE9S4 ,PLANT ,CELL #H ,TEMPLATE ,PLANT CELLS TYPICALLY H FLAT SIDES T =M BOXY %APES S* Z CUBES1 RECTANGLES1 & POLYGONS ) SIX OR M SIDES4 ,! %APE ( ! PLANT CELL 9 ? MODEL IS RECTANGUL>4 @.<,PHOTO DESCRIP;N3 ,! PLANT CELL TEMPLATE IS %[N ) L1D L9ES PO9T+ TO ! CELL WALL & CELL MEMBRANE4 ,DESCRIP;NS ( ^! /RUCTURES >E 9 ! TEXT & CORRELATE ) ! TACTILE MODEL4@.> ----------------------------#I ,CELL ,WALL ,! \T] YELL[1 SMOO? LAY] ( ! PLANT CELL TEMPLATE REPRES5TS ! CELL WALL1 : 9 PLANTS IS MADE ( CELLULOSE & O!R L9K$ SUG>S4 ,! CELL WALL IS RIGID & MA9TA9S ! /RUCTURE & #AE %APE ( ! PLANT CELL4 ,A A#I CELL WALL SURR.DS ALL PLANT CELLS4 ,CELL ,MEMBRANE ,! BLUE1 DOT-TEXTUR$ LAY] REPRES5TS ! CELL MEMBRANE1 A /RUCTURE F.D 9 ALL PLANT CELLS4 ,! CELL MEMBRANE COMPRISES A PHOSPHOLIPID BILAY] EMB$D$ ) PROTE9S4 ---------------------------#AJ ,ORGANELLES & ,/RUCTURES ,F.D ,9SIDE ,ANIMAL & ,PLANT ,CELLS ,ANIMAL & PLANT CELLS >E EUK>YOTIC1 : M1NS T !Y H A TRUE NUCLEUS T IS SURR.D$ BY A NUCLE> 5VELOPE4 ,EUK>YOTIC CELLS AL POSSESS MEMBRANE-B.D ORGANELLES4 @.<,PHOTO DESCRIP;N3 ,! NUCLEUS & NUCLEOLUS >E %[N ) L1D L9ES PO9T+ TO A#AJ ! NUCLEUS1 ! NUCLEOLUS1 & NUCLE> PORES4 ,^! /RUCTURES >E DESCRIB$ 9 ! TEXT & CORRELATE ) ! TACTILE MODEL4@.> ,NUCLEUS ,! NUCLEUS IS AN ORGANELLE T 3TA9S ! G5ETIC MAT]IAL "<,,DNA"> 9 ! =M ( L9E> *ROMO"SS1 Z WELL Z ! NUCLEOLUS4 ,! NUCLEUS IS B.D$ BY A NUCLE> 5VELOPE1 : IS A D\BLE MEMBRANE ) PORES4 ,PROTE9S & RIBONUCLEIC ACID "<,,RNA"> MOVE 9TO & \ ( ! NUCLEUS VIA ^! PORES4 ,NUCLEOLUS ,! NUCLEOLUS APPE>S Z A D5SE /RUCTURE )9 ! NUCLEUS4 ,! NUCLEOLUS IS ! REGION 9 ! CELL ": RIBOSOMAL SUBUNITS >E 3/RUCT$ \ ( ,,RNA4 #AG ,RIBOSOMAL SUBUNITS B#AJ MOVE \ ( ! NUCLEUS "? ! NUCLE> PORES4 ,"S CELLS H M ?AN "O NUCLEOLUS )9 _! NUCLEI4 ---------------------------#AA ,RIBO"SS ,RIBO"SS >E T9Y COMPLEXES ( RIBONUCLEIC ACID "<,,RNA"> & PROTE9 & >E ! SITES ( PROTE9 SYN!SIS 9 ALL CELLS4 ,RIBO"SS >E N MEMBRANE-B.D &1 "!=E1 N 3SID]$ ORGANELLES4 ,RIBO"SS C 2 F.D S+LY & FREE 9 ! CYTOPLASM ( ALL CELLS1 OR ATTA*$ TO ! R\< 5DOPLASMIC RETICULUM 9 PLANT & ANIMAL CELLS "4 @.<,PHOTO DESCRIP;N3 ,SCATT]$ RAIS$ DOTS REPRES5T+ RIBO"SS >E %[N2 ^! /RUCTURES >E DESCRIB$ 9 ! TEXT & CORRELATE TO ! TACTILE MODEL4@.> ,SMOO? ,5DOPLASMIC A#AA ,RETICULUM ,! ,SMOO? ,5DOPLASMIC ,RETICULUM "<,,SER"> IS A SY/EM ( 9T]CONNECT$ MEMBRAN\S TUBULES & SACS T >E 3T9U\S ) ! NUCLE> 5VELOPE & ! ,R\< ,5DOPLASMIC ,RETICULUM "<,,RER1 SEE PAGE #AB">4 ,? ORGANELLE IS 9VOLV$ 9 ! 4TRIBU;N ( ! MOLECULES X SYN!SIZES1 : 9CLUDE FATS1 /]OIDS1 HORM"OS1 & MEMBRANE LIPIDS4 ,X IS AL ! SITE ( TOX9 BR1KD[N 9 "S CELLS "<= EXAMPLE1 9 ! V]TEBRATE LIV]">4 ,! ,,SER IS 3SID]$ SMOO? 2C X LACKS ! RIBO"SS F.D ON ! \T] SURFACE ( ! ,,RER4 @.<,PHOTO DESCRIP;N3 ,! SMOO? 5DOPLASMIC RETICULUM IS %[N4 ,? /RUCTURE IS DESCRIB$ 9 ! TEXT & CORRELATES ) ! TACTILE MODEL4@.> #AI ,R\< ,5DOPLASMIC #AB ,RETICULUM ,! ,R\< ,5DOPLASMIC ,RETICULUM "<,,RER"> IS A SY/EM ( 9T]CONNECT$ MEMBRAN\S TUBULES & SACS T >E 3T9U\S ) ! NUCLE> 5VELOPE & ! ,SMOO? ,5DOPLASMIC ,RETICULUM "<,,SER1 SEE PAGE #AA">4 ,RIBO"SS ATTA*$ TO ! \T] SURFACE ( ! ,,RER MEMBRANES GIVE ? ORGANELLE XS 8R\<0 APPE>.E4 ,! RIBO"SS MAKE PROTE9S T 5T] ! ,,RER "? A MEMBRANE PORE4 ,PROTE9S 9 ! ,,RER >E MODIFI$ & !N EXPORT$ \ ( ! CELL1 EXPORT$ TO O!R REGIONS )9 ! CELL1 OR S5T TO ! ,GOLGI APP>ATUS = FUR!R MODIFICA;N4 ,L ! ,,SER1 ! ,,RER IS A S\RCE ( MEMBRANES = O!R "PS ( ! CELL4 @.<,PHOTO DESCRIP;N3 ,! R\< 5DOPLASMIC RETICULUM IS %[N ) L1D L9ES PO9T+ TO RAIS$ DOTS A#AB REPRES5T+ RIBO"SS LOCAT$ AT ! \T] SURFACE4 ,A DESCRIP;N ( ? /RUCTURE IS 9 ! TEXT & CORRELATES ) ! TACTILE MODEL4@.> ---------------------------#AC ,GOLGI ,APP>ATUS ,! ,GOLGI APP>ATUS IS A SET ( FLATT5$ & LAY]$ MEMBRAN\S SACS T RCVS MEMBRANE-5CLOS$ PROTE9S F ! ,,RER4 ,AF ! PROTE9S >E MODIFI$1 SORT$1 & RE-5CLOS$ 9 MEMBRANES1 !Y >E TRANSPORT$ TO O!R REGIONS ( ! CELL1 OR EV5 \TSIDE ! CELL4 @.<,PHOTO DESCRIP;N3 ,! ,GOLGI APP>ATUS IS %[N2 A DESCRIP;N ( ? /RUCTURE IS 9 ! TEXT & CORRELATES ) ! TACTILE MODEL4@.> ,P]OXI"S ,! P]OXI"S IS A #BA MEMBRANE-B.D ORGANELLE A#AC 3TA9+ 5ZYMES T 4MANTLE TOXIC SUB/.ES & BR1K D[N FAT MOLECULES TO FUEL A]OBIC RESPIRA;N 9 MITO*ONDRIA4 ,^! FUNC;NS RESULT 9 ! =MA;N ( HYDROG5 P]OXIDE1 A POT5TIALLY H>M;L *EMICAL T IS NEUTRALIZ$ BY O!R 5ZYMES 9 ? ORGANELLE4 @.<,PHOTO DESCRIP;N3 ,! P]OXI"S IS REPRES5T$ BY A D>K BLUE DISC SURR.D$ BY A RAIS$ L9E4 ,A DESCRIP;N ( ? /RUCTURE IS 9 ! TEXT & CORRELATES ) ! TACTILE MODEL4@.> ---------------------------#AD ,MITO*ONDRION ,F.D 9 BO? PLANT & ANIMAL CELLS1 ! MITO*ONDRION IS AL "KN Z ! P[]H\SE ( ! CELL4 ,X IS ! SITE ( 5]GY TRANS=MA;N1 OR ! 3V].N ( /OR$ 5]GY 9 FATS OR SUG>S TO AD5OS9E TRIPHOSPHATE "<,,ATP">4 A#AD ,! MITO*ONDRION IS B.D$ BY TWO MEMBRANES3 AN \T] 5CLOS+ MEMBRANE & AN 9N] MEMBRANE T IS FOLD$ TO =M REGIONS CALL$ CRI/AE4 ,! C5TRAL "P ( ! ORGANELLE IS CALL$ ! MATRIX4 @.<,PHOTO DESCRIP;N3 ,! MITO*ONDRION IS %[N ) L1D L9ES PO9T+ TO ! \T] MEMBRANE1 ! 9N] MEMBRANE & CRI/AE1 & ! MATRIX4 ,A DESCRIP;N ( ? /RUCTURE IS 9 ! TEXT & CORRELATES ) ! TACTILE MODEL4@.> ,CYTOSKELETON ,! CYTOSKELETON IS A COMPLEX ( PROTE9 FIB]S ( DI6]5T L5G?S & ?ICK;SES T PROVIDES 9T]NAL SUPPORT 9 EUK>YOTIC CELLS4 ,! CYTOSKELETON IS DYNAMIC & R1DILY *ANGES =M4 ,! CYTOSKELETON IS 9VOLV$ 9 CELLUL> MOVE;T1 MA9TA9+ #BC OR *ANG+ CELL %APE1 & B#AD MOV+ ORGANELLES1 VESICLES1 & *ROMO"SS4 @.<,PHOTO DESCRIP;N3 ,! CYTOSKELETON IS REPRES5T$ Z ?REE P>ALLEL RAIS$ L9ES ( DI6]5T ?ICK;SES2 A DESCRIP;N ( ? /RUCTURE IS 9 ! TEXT & CORRELATES ) ! TACTILE MODEL4@.> ---------------------------#AE ,ORGANELLES & ,/RUCTURES ,F.D ,9SIDE ,ANIMAL ,CELLS ,ONLY ,LYSO"S ,! LYSO"S IS A MEMBRANE-B.D ORGANELLE F.D ONLY 9 ANIMAL CELLS4 ,X 3TA9S DIGE/IVE 5ZYMES T 5ABLE ! CELL TO BR1K D[N L>GE MOLECULES = RECYCL+ OR TO A3ESS NUTRI5TS AF A CELL HAS 5GULF$ A FOOD "PICLE4 @.<,PHOTO DESCRIP;N3 ,! LYSO"S IS REPRES5T$ A#AE BY A LAV5D] DISC SURR.D$ BY A RAIS$ L9E4 ,A DESCRIP;N ( ? /RUCTURE IS 9 ! TEXT & CORRELATES ) ! TACTILE MODEL4@.> ,C5TRO"S ,) ,TWO ,C5TRIOLES ,! C5TRO"S IS USUALLY LOCAT$ NE> ! NUCLEUS ( AN ANIMAL CELL & 3TA9S TWO C5TRIOLES ORI5T$ AT "R ANGLES TO EA* O!R2 X IS N B.D$ BY A MEMBRANE4 ,! C5TRO"S IS ! LOCA;N ": SP9DLE MICROTUBULES EM]GE DUR+ ! NUCLE> DIVI.N PROCESSES ( MITOSIS & MEIOSIS4 ,! C5TRIOLES >E B>REL-%AP$ /RUCTURES COMPOS$ ( %ORT PROTE9 FIB]S >RANG$ 9 A R+4 ,! TWO P]P5DICUL>LY >RANG$ C5TRIOLES 9 ? MODEL >E PRES5T$ 9 L;GITUD9AL SEC;N & %[ ! %ORT P>ALLEL PROTE9 FIB]S ( #BE EA* "O4 B#AE @.<,PHOTO DESCRIP;N3 ,! C5TRO"S & C5TRIOLES >E %[N2 A DESCRIP;N ( ^! /RUCTURES IS 9 ! TEXT & CORRELATES ) ! TACTILE MODEL4@.> ---------------------------#AF ,ORGANELLES ,F.D ,9SIDE ,PLANT ,CELLS ,ONLY ,*LOROPLA/ ,*LOROPLA/S >E F.D 9 GRE5 PLANT CELLS1 ALGAE1 & UNICELLUL> EUK>YOTIC CELLS T "UGO PHOTOSYN!SIS4 ,! *LOROPLA/ IS B.D$ BY TWO \T] MEMBRANES1 BO? ( : 5CLOSE AN 9N] COM"P;T CALL$ ! /ROMA4 ,A ?IRD MEMBRANE SY/EM IS ORGANIZ$ 9TO FLATT5$ & /ACK$ DISCS CALL$ ?YLAKOIDS1 : RESIDE 9 ! /ROMA4 ,! *LOROPLA/ IS ": LI & ,,ATP4 @.<,PHOTO DESCRIP;N3 ,! *LOROPLA/ IS %[N ) L1D L9ES PO9T+ TO ! TWO \T] MEMBRANES1 ! /ROMA1 & ?YLAKOID MEMBRANES2 A DESCRIP;N ( ? /RUCTURE IS 9 ! TEXT & CORRELATES ) ! TACTILE MODEL4@.> ,VACUOLE ,! VACUOLE IS A MULTI-FUNC;NAL1 MEMBRANE-B.D ORGANELLE F.D 9 PLANT CELLS4 ,DEP5D+ ON ! ORGANISM & CELL TYPE1 VACUOLES S]VE Z /ORAGE DEPOTS = WAT]1 IONS1 PIG;TS1 PROTE9S1 5ZYMES1 & EV5 POISONS T DET] ANIMALS F EAT+ ! ORGANISM4 @.<,PHOTO DESCRIP;N3 ,! VACUOLE IS %[N Z A D>K BLUE1 B1N-%AP$ /RUCTURE SURR.D$ BY A RAIS$ #BG L9E2 A DESCRIP;N ( B#AF ? /RUCTURE IS 9 ! TEXT & CORRELATES ) ! TACTILE MODEL4@.> ---------------------------#AG ,ASSEMBL$ ,BACT]IAL ,CELL @.<,PHOTO DESCRIP;N3 ,! BACT]IAL CELL TEMPLATE IS %[N ) ! NUCLEOID1 RIBO"SS1 POLY"SS1 & PLASMIDS ATTA*$ TO ! BLACK LOOP MAT]IAL 9T]IOR4@.> ---------------------------#AH ,ASSEMBL$ ,ANIMAL ,CELL @.<,PHOTO DESCRIP;N3 ,! ANIMAL CELL TEMPLATE IS %[N ) ! NUCLEUS1 SMOO? 5DOPLASMIC RETICULUM1 R\< 5DOPLASMIC RETICULUM1 ,GOLGI APP>ATUS1 LYSO"S1 P]OXI"S1 A#AH CYTOSKELETON1 RIBO"SS1 MITO*ONDRION1 & C5TRO"S ATTA*$ TO ! BLACK LOOP MAT]IAL 9T]IOR4@.> ---------------------------#AI ,ASSEMBL$ ,PLANT ,CELL @.<,PHOTO DESCRIP;N3 ,! PLANT CELL TEMPLATE IS %[N ) ! NUCLEUS1 SMOO? 5DOPLASMIC RETICULUM1 R\< 5DOPLASMIC RETICULUM1 ,GOLGI APP>ATUS1 P]OXI"S1 CYTOSKELETON1 RIBO"SS1 MITO*ONDRION1 *LOROPLA/1 & VACUOLE ATTA*$ TO ! BLACK LOOP MAT]IAL 9T]IOR4@.> #BI ,ALIGN;T ,) ,NEXT #BJ ,G5]A;N ,SCI;E ,/&>DS;9#A ,4CIPL9>Y ,CORE ,ID1S3 ,LIFE ,SCI;ES ,,MS-,,LS#A-#A ,F ,MOLECULES TO ,ORGANISMS3 ,/RUCTURES & ,PROCESSES4 ,A4 ,/RUCTURE & ,FUNC;N ,ALL LIV+ ?+S >E MADE UP ( CELLS1 : IS ! SMALLE/ UNIT T C 2 SD TO 2 ALIVE4 ,AN ORGANISM MAY 3SI/ ( "O S+LE CELL ""> OR _M DI6]5T NUMB]S & TYPES ( CELLS "">4 ,3DUCT AN 9VE/IGA;N TO PROVIDE EVID;E T LIV+ ?+S >E MADE ( CELLS2 EI "O CELL OR _M DI6]5T NUMB]S & TYPES ( CELLS4 ,,MS-,,LS#A-#B ,F A#BJ ,MOLECULES TO ,ORGANISMS3 ,/RUCTURES & ,PROCESSES4 ,A4 ,/RUCTURE & ,FUNC;N ,)9 CELLS1 SPECIAL /RUCTURES >E RESPONSIBLE = "PICUL> FUNC;NS1 & ! CELL MEMBRANE =MS ! B.D>Y T 3TROLS :AT 5T]S & L1VES ! CELL4 ,DEVELOP & USE A MODEL TO DESCRIBE ! FUNC;N ( A CELL Z A :OLE & WAYS ! "PS ( CELLS 3TRIBUTE TO ! FUNC;N4 ---------------------------#BA ,,MS-,,LS#A-#C ,F ,MOLECULES TO ,ORGANISMS3 ,/RUCTURES & ,PROCESSES4 ,A4 ,/RUCTURE & ,FUNC;N ,9 MULTICELLUL> ORGANISMS1 ! BODY IS A SY/EM ( MULTIPLE 9T]ACT+ SUBSY/EMS4 ,^! SUBSY/EMS >E GR\PS ( CELLS T "W TGR TO =M TISSUES & ORGANS T >E SPECIALIZ$ = #CA "PICUL> BODY FUNC;NS4 A#BA ,USE >GU;T SUPPORT$ BY EVID;E = H[ ! BODY IS A SY/EM ( 9T]ACT+ SUBSY/EMS COMPOS$ ( GR\PS ( CELLS4 "333333 ;9#A,,NGSS ,L1D ,/ATES4 #BJAC4 .7,NEXT ,G5]A;N ,SCI;E ,/&>DS3 ,= ,/ATES1 ,BY ,/ATES4.' ,WA%+TON1 ,,DC3 ,! ,NA;NAL ,ACADEMIES ,PRESS4 @.<,! ,5D@.>