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FOLL[+ ADDRESS3 ,AM]ICAN ,PR9T+ ,H\SE = ! ,BL #AHCI ,FRANK=T ,AV5UE ,L\ISVILLE1 ,,KY #DJBJF "<#HJJ"> #BBC-#AHCI WWW4APH4ORG 9FO@AAPH4ORG ,REF];E ,CITA;N3 ,H(FMANN1 ;,R41 @& ,OTTO1 ;,F4 "<#BJBJ">4 .7,H1L? $UCA;N TACTILE GRAPHICS 9/RUC;NAL GUIDEBOOK = T1*]S & #C /UD5TS4.' ,L\ISVILLE1 ,,KY3 ,AM]ICAN ,PR9T+ ,H\SE = ! ,BL4 ,PROJECT ,/AFF ,ROSANNE ,H(FMANN1 ,PH4,D41 ,PROJECT ,L1D] & ,AU?OR ,FR$ ,OTTO1 ,B4,A41 ,PROJECT ,L1D]1 ,ILLU/RATOR1 & ,AU?OR ,MONICA ,VAU* ,ASSI/ANT ,L>A ,KIRWAN1 ,M4,F4,A41 ,RESE>* ,ASSI/ANT ,FRANK ,HAYD51 ,DIRECTOR ( ,TE*NICAL @& ,MANUFACTUR+ ,RESE>* ,KA!R9E ,CORCORAN1 ,B4,A41 ,>TI/ & ,PATT]N ,MAK] ,ADAM ,CL>K1 ,B4,A41 ,MANUFACTUR+ ,SPECIALI/ ,CECILIA ,P]$O1 ,M4,S41 ,DIRECTOR ( ,GRANTS ,EMILY ,GRI_M1 ,B4,A41 ,BRL ,TRANSCRIB] ,AN?ONY ;,D4 ,J"OS1 ,B4,F4,A41 ,>T ,DESIGN_/,PRODUC;N ,MANAG] ,MATT ,POPPE1 ,GRAPHIC ,DESIGN] ,3T5TS #E ,9TRODUC;N #A;A4 ,HUMAN ,SKELETON " #A;B4 ,HUMAN ,SKELETON " #A;C4 ,HUMAN ,SP9E & ,V]TEBRAE #B4 ,MUSCUL> ,SY/EM #C4 ,N]V\S ,SY/EM #D4 ,NEURON #E4 ,CIRCULATORY ,SY/EM #F4 ,FL[ ( ,BLOOD 9 ! ,HE>T #G4 ,LYMPHATIC ,SY/EM #H4 ,RESPIRATORY ,SY/EM #I4 ,DIGE/IVE ,SY/EM #AJ4 ,EXCRETORY ,SY/EM #AA4 ,5DOCR9E ,SY/EM #AB;A4 ,FEMALE ,EXT]NAL ,G5ITALIA #AB;B4 ,FEMALE ,REPRODUCTIVE ,SY/EM "<9T]NAL FRONT VIEW"> #AB;C4 ,FEMALE ,REPRODUCTIVE ,SY/EM "<9T]NAL SIDE VIEW"> #AC4 ,TAMPON ,9S];N " #AD;A4 ,MALE ,EXT]NAL ,G5ITALIA #AD;B4 ,MALE ,REPRODUCTIVE ,SY/EM "<9T]NAL SIDE VIEW"> #AE4 ,F]TILIZA;N ,H1L? ,$UCA;N #G ,TACTILE ,GRAPHICS ,9TRODUC;N ,? COLLEC;N ( TACTILE GRAPHICS 0 DEVELOP$ TO MAKE ILLU/RA;NS & DIAGRAMS TYPICALLY ASSOCIAT$ ) MIDDLE S*OOL & HI< S*OOL H1L? $UCA;N CURRICULA A3ESSIBLE TO /UD5TS ) VISUAL IMPAIR;TS4 ,X IS 9T5D$ TO PROVIDE 9=MA;N = T1*]S Z WELL Z ALL[ /UD5TS TO USE ! GRAPHICS 9DEP5D5TLY1 IF APPROPRIATE4 ,? COLLEC;N IS BE/ US$ 9 COMB9A;N ) H1L? $UCA;N TEXTBOOKS & PUBLICA;NS 9 ADDI;N TO ?REE-DIM5.NAL MODELS1 ": POSSIBLE4 ,WE AL RECOMM5D ! ,,APH PUBLICA;N .7,H1L? ,$UCA;N = ,/UD5TS ,) ,VISUAL ,IMPAIR;TS3 ,A ,GUIDEBOOK = ,T1*]S.' " = M 9=MA;N ON T1*+ ^! TOPICS4 ,? GUIDEBOOK PROVIDES 9/RUC;NAL 9=MA;N = EA* GRAPHIC & IS AVAILABLE 9 BRL BY D[NLOAD+ ! ,,BRF "<9 ,UNIFI$ ,5GLI% ,BRL1 OR ,,UEB"> & A3ESSIBLE ,,PDF F ! ,D[NLOADABLE ,PRODUCT ,MANUALS WEB PAGE ON ! ,,APH WEBSITE "4 ,NOTES = ,T1*]S ,! DESIGN ( EA* FULL COLOR GRAPHIC 3TA9S Z M* DETAIL Z POSSIBLE )\T SACRIFIC+ TACTILE R1DABIL;Y4 ,DI6]5T TEXTURES1 ?ICK;SES1 & HEIR[S1 L9ES1 & /RUCTURES COMB9E TO MAKE ! IMAGES CLE> & TACTUALLY 5GAG+4 ,9 "S CASES1 ! 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BODY & XS ORGANS4 ,:5 ! /RUCTURES )9 BO? >MS >E SIMIL>1 "O >M MAY 2 %[N TRUNCAT$ 9 ORD] TO SAVE SPACE4 ,LIKEWISE1 ! UPP] OR L[] "PS ( ! BODY MAY 2 TRUNCAT$ 9 ORD] TO EXP& ! RE/ ( ! DIAGRAM4 ,"S COMP>ISON ) O!R DIAGRAMS MAY 2 HELP;L 9 ^! CASES TO GET ORI5T$ TO ! PRES5TA;N4 ,T1*]S >E 5C\RAG$ TO 9CLUDE ?REE-DIM5.NAL MODELS ( Z _M COMPON5TS ( ! ANATOMICAL #AA SY/EMS PRES5T$ "H Z POSSIBLE TO AUG;T _! LESSONS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 USE ACTUAL B"OS OR SIMULAT$ MODELS = DEMON/RA;NS ( V>I\S "PS ( ! SKELETAL SY/EM4 ,AL1 /UD5T-MADE CLAY MODELS ( ! KIDNEY & O!R "PS ( ! EXCRETORY SY/EM C RE9=CE 3CEPTS1 ESPECIALLY IF !Y >E LIFE-SIZE4 ,! PRES5TA;N & SUBJECT MATT] ( ^! DIAGRAMS ASSUME A C]TA9 LEVEL ( TACTILE R1D+ APTITUDE ON ! "P ( ! LE>N]4 ,Z ) ALL TACTILE GRAPHICS1 "! >E PHYSICAL F1TURES T H BE5 SIMPLIFI$ OR 4TORT$ 9 ! ATTEMPT TO PORTRAY !M 9 A R1DABLE =MAT4 ,2C X'S ASSUM$ T /UD5TS H ! PR]EQUISITE EXP]I;E & TACTILE R1D+ SKILL TO A3ESS !M1 "! >E "S ADDI;NAL WAYS 9 : ^! DIAGRAMS V>Y F /&>D TACTILE GRAPHIC PRACTICE 9 PRES5T+ KEYS1 "NLY3 _4 ,KEYS >E PRES5T$ ON ! SAME PAGE ) ! IMAGES 9 ORD] TO R$UCE ! NUMB] ( PAGES4 ,!Y APPE> AT ! UPP] LEFT1 & AMPLE SPACE IS ALL[$ 2T ! KEYS & ! IMAGES4 _4 ,KEY SYMBOLS " >E *OS5 TO RELATE TO ! ITEM OR F1TURE 2+ LABEL$1 S* Z PL = ! P91L GL&4 ,? M9IMIZES ! NE$ TO REF] BACK & =? TO ! KEY ONCE ! R1D] 2COMES FAMILI> ) ! IMAGE4 ,9 "S CASES1 "! >E MULTIPLE ITEMS 9 AN IMAGE 2G9N+ ) ! SAME LR2 ?US1 PL = P91L GL&1 PT = PITUIT>Y GL&1 & ;P = PANCR1S >E US$ ON ! SAME DIAGRAM4 _4 ,S+LE-CELL KEY SYMBOLS >E US$1 EI TO SAVE SPACE OR 2C !Y REPRES5T ! MO/ S5SIBLE LABEL+ OP;N4 ,2C ( ! 3TEXT1 /UD5TS >E N EXPECT$ TO #AC 9T]PRET ^! Z %ORT-=M BRL ^WS OR 3TRAC;NS4 _4 ,! SAME SYMBOL MAY 2 US$ TO LABEL DI6]5T ITEMS 9 DI6]5T DIAGRAMS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 BR REPRES5TS ! BRA9 9 "O IMAGE & ! BRON*I 9 ANO!R4 ,/UD5TS %D RELY ON "U/&+ ! 3TEXT ( EA* DIAGRAM R ?AN MEMORIZ+ ! LABELS & EXPECT+ ! SAME M1N+ "?\T4 _4 ,9 ORD] TO MAKE ! KEYS M R1DABLE TO SI ,! F/ "P ( ? 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SIDES ( ! VALVE COME TGR ) EA* 3TRAC;N1 PREV5T+ ! BLOOD F MOV+ BACKW>D 9TO ! ATRIA4 ,ANO!R SET ( VALVES REGULATES ! MOVE;T ( BLOOD 9TO ! L>GE VESSELS "Y TRUNK"> & PREV5TS BACKFL[ 9TO ! V5TRICLES4 ,! FUNC;N ( ! VALVES C 2 MODEL$ BY PLAC+ YR TWO H&S TGR1 FAC+ EA* O!R ) ! PALMS A"P & F+]TIPS T\*+4 ,! F+]TIPS REPRES5T ! VALVES4 ,X IS !N EASY = A FELL[ /UD5T TO PU% AN OBJECT S* Z A RUL] OR P5CIL "O WAY "? ! F+]S "T+ AT ! PALMS & GO+ \ "? ! F+]TIPS">1 B N 9 ! REV]SE DIREC;N "T+ AT ! TOPS ( ! F+]TIPS">4 ,? OBJECT1 ( C\RSE1 REPRES5TS ! FL[+ BLOOD1 : IS PU%$ "? ! VALVES 9 ONLY "O DIREC;N4 ,5C\RAGE /UD5TS TO LE>N ! PA?WAY ( BLOOD "?\T ! HE>T1 LUNGS1 & BODY 9 ! CORRECT ORD]3 ,DEOXYG5AT$ BLOOD F ! BODY RETURNS TO ! HE>T VIA ! 9F]IOR & SUP]IOR .1V5A .1CAVAE & !N FL[S "? ! "R ATRIUM & "R V5TRICLE2 F "! ! BLOOD MOVES TO ! LUNGS VIA ! PULMON>Y >T]IES & LUNG CIRCULA;N2 OXYG5AT$ BLOOD RETURNS TO ! HE>T VIA ! PULMON>Y VE9S2 & OXYG5AT$ BLOOD FL[S 9TO ! LEFT ATRIUM1 ! LEFT V5TRICLE1 & F9ALLY ! AORTA1 : SUPPLIES ! RE/ ( ! BODY4 ,ID5TIFY+ ": ! VALVES >E LOCAT$ 9 ? #BG PA?WAY PRES5TS AN ADD$ *ALL5GE4 #G ,LYMPHATIC ,SY/EM ,! SEEM+LY 4P>ATE "PS ( ! LYMPHATIC SY/EM "W TGR "<) HELP F AN 9TIMATE ASSOCIA;N ) ! CIRCULATORY SY/EM"> TO PROVIDE HUMANS ) PROTECTIVE IMMUN;Y F 9VAD+ ORGANISMS & VIRUSES4 ,? IMAGE 9 ANT]IOR VIEW PRES5TS ! LYMPHATIC VESSELS & 3NECT$ LYMPH NODES Z A 4CRETE TUBUL> SY/EM1 B 9 R1L;Y ^! VESSELS RUN P>ALLEL TO >T]IES1 VE9S1 & CAPILL>IES & PHYSICALLY 3NECT ) ! CIRCULATORY SY/EM 9 SPECIFIC PLACES4 ,LYMPHATIC VESSELS CIRCULATE A FLUID CALL$ LYMPH1 : IS D]IV$ F ! LIQUID POR;N ( ! BLOOD4 ,LYMPH AL C>RIES :ITE BLOOD CELLS CAPABLE ( ID5TIFY+ POT5TIAL PA?OG5S & 9ITIAT+ _! DOOM :5 NEC4 ,LYMPH NODES FILT] LYMPH & REMOVE 9VAD+ ORGANISMS2 !Y >E PRES5T$ 9 "S:AT EXA7]AT$ SIZE 9 ? GRAPHIC4 ,LYMPH NODES T5D TO 2 M NUM]\S NE> OP5+S T COMMUNICATE ) ! 5VIRON;T "MPITS1 GRO9">4 ,SIMIL> 9 /RUCTURE TO LYMPH NODES1 B L>G]1 ! TONSILS >E LOCAT$ 9 ! ?ROAT & PROTECT ! BODY F H>M;L ORGANISMS T MAY 5T] VIA ! NOSE OR M\?4 ,! ?YMUS1 LOCAT$ 9 ! UPP] REGION ( ! *E/1 IS A GL& T 9CR1SES 9 SIZE UNTIL AGE "O1 AF : X DECR1SES 9 SIZE ) AGE4 ,C]TA9 POPULA;NS ( :ITE BLOOD CELLS MATURE 9 ! ?YMUS GL& & >E ULTIMATELY RESPONSIBLE = IMMUN;Y AG/ SPECIFIC ILL;SES4 ,! B"O M>R[1 A SP;GY TISSUE LOCAT$ 9SIDE MO/ ( ! B"OS ( ! BODY1 IS REPRES5T$ BY A L;G1 R$ RECTANGLE 9 ! "R =E>M #BI 9 ? GRAPHIC4 ,! R$ B"O M>R[ HAS TWO MA9 FUNC;NS3 ,X IS ! S\RCE ( ALL CELLUL> COMPON5TS ( ! BLOOD1 9CLUD+ R$ BLOOD CELLS1 :ITE BLOOD CELLS1 & PLATELETS1 & X IS RESPONSIBLE = ! MATURA;N ( C]TA9 POPULA;NS ( :ITE BLOOD CELLS 9VOLV$ 9 SPECIFIC IMMUN;Y4 ,! SPLE51 REPRES5T$ BY ! R$1 B1N-%AP$ ORGAN 9 ! GRAPHIC1 IS F.D ON ! LEFT SIDE ( ! BODY4 ,9 ADDI;N TO FILT]+ ! BLOOD & REMOV+ OLD R$ BLOOD CELLS1 ! SPLE5 H\SES :ITE BLOOD CELLS 9VOLV$ 9 M.T+ AN IMMUNE RESPONSE4 #H ,RESPIRATORY ,SY/EM ,? IMAGE FOCUSES ON ! H1D " & UPP] TORSO1 %[+ ! ANT]IOR VIEW ( A L;GITUD9AL SEC;N ( ! ORGANS 9VOLV$ 9 BR1?+ & 9 ! PRODUC;N ( S.DS4 ,)9 ! H1D >E ! NASAL CAV;Y & M\?2 ^! >E OP5 SPACES REPRES5T$ 9 P9K 9 ! GRAPHIC4 ,9SIDE ! M\? " IS ! T;GUE4 ,2H ! T;GUE1 ! NASAL & ORAL CAVITIES JO9 TGR 9 ! PH>YNX4 ,! L>YNX1 : H\SES ! VOCAL CORDS1 IS %[N Z A R$1 RAIS$1 BOX-L >EA4 ,A FLAP LOCAT$ J ABV ! L>YNX " IS ! EPIGLOTTIS1 : TILTS D[N OV] ! OP5+ TO ! L>YNX DUR+ SWALL[+ TO PREV5T FOOD & LIQUID F 5T]+ ! TRA*EA OR W9DPIPE4 ,SUPPORT$ BY 9COMPLETE R+S ( C>TILAGE D[N XS 5TIRE L5G?1 ! TRA*EA IS REPRES5T$ 9 ! GRAPHIC Z A S+LE TUBE ) BUMPY SIDES L1D+ TO ! LEFT & "R BRON*I & ! LUNGS4 ,! LUNGS1 ( C\RSE1 FUNC;N ID5TICALLY1 B ! LEFT LUNG IS %[N GRTLY SIMPLIFI$ TO ALL[ LABEL+ ( SPECIFIC /RUCTURES "4 ,! TWO BRON*I BRAN* TO ! LEFT & "R AT ! L[E/ "P ( ! TRA*EA & 2T ! LUNGS4 ,! BRON*I GIVE RISE TO SMALL] & SMALL] TUBUL> /RUCTURES CALL$ BRON*IOLES1 : 5D 9 ! R.D ALVEOLI CLU/]$ L GRAPES4 ,GAS EX*ANGE TAKES PLACE 9 ! ALVEOLI1 ALL[+ = OXYG5A;N ( ! BLOOD & REL1SE ( C>BON DIOXIDE4 ,! DIAPHRAGM IS PRES5T$ 9 ! SAME COLOR Z ! LUNGS1 B X'S IMPORTANT TO NOTE T X IS A %EET ( MUSCLE %[N 9 CROSS SEC;N 9 ? GRAPHIC1 : EXPLA9S :Y X APPE>S Z A ?9 W$GE-L /RUCTURE4 ,! MOVE;TS ( ! DIAPHRAGM AL;G ) C]TA9 RIB MUSCLES CAUSE ! *ANGES 9 LUNG VOLUME T ALL[ 9HALA;N & EXHALA;N TO TAKE PLACE4 ,X MAY 2 HELP;L TO EXAM9E ! M DETAIL$ "PS ( ? DIAGRAM US+ A /YLUS4 ,TRAC+ ! /YLUS PO9T )9 ! M\? TO LOCATE ! T;GUE1 OR AL;G ! BRON*IOLES Z !Y L1D TO ! R.D$ ALVEOLI1 MAY GIVE A CLE>] PICTURE ( ^! 9TRICATE /RUCTURES4 #I ,DIGE/IVE ,SY/EM ,9 ? DIAGRAM1 ! \T] BODY \TL9E IS OMITT$1 & ONLY ! SIDE-FAC+ H1D IS %[N Z A PO9T ( REF];E4 ,AN ANT]IOR VIEW ( ! DIGE/IVE ORGANS IS PRES5T$ "H1 : M1NS T LEFT & "R SIDES >E 9V]T$1 Z 9 O!R ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS 9 ? GUIDE4 ,Z 9 ! PREVI\S DIAGRAM1 ? IMAGE 2G9S ) ! ORAL & NASAL OP5+S 9 ! H1D1 : UNITE TO =M ! PH>YNX "1 A PA?WAY COMMON TO ! DIGE/IVE & RESPIRATORY SY/EMS4 ,FOOD MIXES ) SALIVA Z X IS *EW$ 9 ! M\?4 ,! GRAPHIC %[S ! LOCA;N ( SALIV>Y GL&S 9 ! H1D REGION4 ,! T;GUE & M\? MUSCLES #CC =M ! FOOD 9TO A BOLUS1 3V5I5T = SWALL[+4 ,JUTT+ \ 9TO ! PH>YNX IS ! EPIGLOTTIS "<%[N Z A SMALL FLAP OV] ! OP5+ TO ! TRA*EA">4 ,Z EXPLA9$ 9 ! DESCRIP;N ( ! RESPIRATORY SY/EM "<,IMAGE #H">1 9 ! UP-TILT$ POSI;N1 ! EPIGLOTTIS LETS AIR 5T] & L1VE ! TRA*EA "<( : ONLY ! UPP] "P IS %[N 9 ? IMAGE"> DUR+ NORMAL BR1?+4 ,DUR+ SWALL[+1 H["E1 ! EPIGLOTTIS TILTS D[N & BLOCKS ! TRA*EA Z FOOD OR LIQUID 5T] ! ESOPHAGUS4 ,? PREV5TS *OK+ DUR+ ! PROCESS ( 3SUM+ FOOD & DR9K4 ,! DIGE/IVE PROCESS IS A TYPE ( J\RNEY4 ,AF FOOD IS SWALL[$1 X PASSES "? ! TUBUL> ESOPHAGUS & 5T]S ! P\*-L /OMA*1 ": X MIXES ) DIGE/IVE JUICES4 ,AF "S "T SP5T "!1 ? MIXTURE MOVES 9TO ! F/ "P ( ! SMALL 9TE/9E "<%[N 9 P9K">1 ": DIGE/IVE JUICES F ! LIV]1 GALL BLADD]1 & PANCR1S 5T] BY WAY ( DUCTS "4 ,:ILE ^! ORGANS >E N DRAWN TO A3URATE SCALE1 X IS RELEVANT TO NOTE T ! LIV] IS Q L>GE1 Z DEPICT$ "H4 ,NOTE AL T ! /OMA* & PANCR1S >E ON ! LEFT SIDE ( ! BODY & ! LIV] & GALL BLADD] >E ON ! "R4 ,ALL ( ! ORGANS >E COMPRESS$ TGR )9 ! ABDOM5 Z WELL1 ?\< ! DIAGRAM %[S !M SPAC$ A"P = CL>;Y4 ,! ADULT SMALL 9TE/9E "<9CLUD+ ! 9ITIAL P9K SEC;N M5;N$ ABV & ! REMA9+ PURPLE L5G?"> IS AB #F MET]S " L;G B IS Q A2REVIAT$ 9 ? GRAPHIC = SIMPLIC;Y4 ,! SMALL 9TE/9E W9DS & TURNS1 & AT XS L[] 5D JO9S ! L>GE 9TE/9E1 : IS AB #A4E MET]S "<#E FEET"> L;G 9 AN ADULT4 ,TRAC1BLE ) A F+]1 ! GRAPHIC %[S ! ASC5D+1 TRANSV]SE1 #CE DESC5D+1 & SIGMOID SEC;NS TYPICAL ( ! L>GE 9TE/9E4 ,! LA/ /AGE ( ! PA? 5DS ) ! RECTUM & ANUS4 ,! LOCA;N ( ! APP5DIX IS AL 9DICAT$ NE> ! JUNCTURE ( ! SMALL & L>GE 9TE/9E4 ,! 9T]NAL /RUCTURE ( ! APP5DIX SU7E/S X HAS A ROLE 9 IMMUN;Y & IS A REPOSITORY = B5EFICIAL BACT]IA4 #AJ ,EXCRETORY ,SY/EM ,? EXP&$ ANT]IOR VIEW %[S ONLY ! L[] TORSO1 ) BO? ! UPP] BODY & ! LEGS TRUNCAT$4 ,! KIDNEYS1 URET]S1 BLADD]1 & URE?RA >E ! PROM95T F1TURES ( ! DIAGRAM & >E %[N 9 ! HIE LESS PROM95T TACTUALLY 2C !Y >E "P ( ! 5DOCR9E SY/EM1 %[N 9 ,IMAGE #AA4 ,! CIRCULATORY SY/EM HAS AN 9TIMATE ANATOMICAL & FUNC;NAL ASSOCIA;N ) ! EXCRETORY SY/EM1 Z %[N BY ! R5AL VE9S & R5AL >T]IES BRAN*+ F ! .1V5A .1CAVA & AORTA1 RESPECTIVELY4 ,! BLOOD VESSELS 9 ? IMAGE RETA9 ! TEXTURE & COLOR COD+ US$ 9 PREVI\S DIAGRAMS "T]IES">4 #AA ,5DOCR9E ,SY/EM ,? IMAGE %[S AN ANT]IOR VIEW ( ! BODY ) ! LOCA;NS ( ! 5DOCR9E GL&S1 AL;G ) O!R ORGANS TO 5H.E POSI;NAL "U/&+4 ,X AL USES A 3V5;N COMMON TO PR9T IMAGES1 "NLY1 %[+ BO? ! FEMALE & MALE GONADS1 OR OV>IES & TE/ES1 RESPECTIVELY1 ON "O BODY DIAGRAM4 ,5DOCR9E GL&S >E DUCT.S1 : M1NS _! HORMONAL SECRE;NS >E REL1S$ 9TO ! BLOOD/R1M & H AN E6ECT ONLY ON SPECIFIC #CG T>GET ORGANS4 ,= ? R1SON1 ! DIAGRAM %[S GL& LOCA;N & N ! M COMPLEX FUNC;NAL PA?WAYS4 ,9 ! DIAGRAM1 ! PALE P9K RECESS$ >EA )9 ! H1D REPRES5TS ! BRA91 & )9 ! BRA9 >E ! HYPO?ALAMUS "K P9K 9 ! GRAPHIC">1 P91L GL& "1 & PITUIT>Y GL& "4 ,^! >E REPRES5T$ 9 A /YLIZ$ =M T 9DICATES _! LOCA;N M ?AN _! TRUE SIZE & %APE4 ,! HYPO?ALAMUS & PITUIT>Y GL& FUNC;N TGR & ) O!R ORGANS 9 ! BODY TO REGULATE 5]GY LEVELS1 REPRODUCTIVE CYCLES1 & ! RESPONSE TO /RESS4 ,! P91L GL& PRODUCES MELATON91 A HORM"O T MODULATES SLEEP-WAKE CYCLES4 ,! ?YROID GL& IS A BUTT]FLY-%AP$ ORGAN T RESIDES 9 ! NECK REGION4 ,X PRODUCES HORM"OS T A6ECT ! USE ( 5]GY BY ! BODY4 ,! P>A?YROID GL&S >E REPRES5T$ Z F\R DOT-L PAT*ES ON TOP ( ! ?YROID GL&4 ,9 R1L;Y1 EA* PAT* IS ! SIZE ( A GRA9 ( RICE4 ,! P>A?YROID GL&S PRODUCE A HORM"O T REGULATES CALCIUM LEVELS 9 ! BLOOD4 ,! PANCR1S IS NE/L$ 2H ! /OMA* T[>D ! LEFT SIDE ( ! UPP] ABDOM5 "4 ,9 ADDI;N TO SECRET+ DIGE/IVE JUICE REL1S$ 9TO DUCTS & ULTIMATELY ! SMALL 9TE/9E1 ! PANCR1S HAS PAT*ES ( TISSUE T SECRETE HORM"OS S* Z 9SUL9 9TO ! BLOOD/R1M1 : HELPS REGULATE BLOOD SUG> LEVELS4 ,9 A REV]SAL F ,IMAGE #AJ1 ! TRIANGLE-%AP$ ADR5AL GL&S 9 ? GRAPHIC >E M PROM95T ?AN ! KIDNEYS1 ON : !Y SIT4 ,! ADR5AL GL&S SECRETE HORM"OS T HELP REGULATE /RESS RESPONSES1 REPRODUC;N1 BLOOD PRESSURE1 & ! IMMUNE SY/EM4 ,! PAIR$ OV>IES >E %[N #CI 9 CLOSE ASSOCIA;N ) ! UT]US & OVIDUCTS TO BETT] DEMON/RATE _! LOCA;N 9 FEMALES4 ,! OV>IES PRODUCE S"EAL HORM"OS T REGULATE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLES1 9CLUD+ ! REL1SE ( AN EGG EA* MON? 9 ADULT FEMALES4 ,9 ! GRAPHIC1 ! PAIR$ TE/ES >E %[N SUP]IMPOS$ ON ! ?IE LOCAT$ 2T ! ?IE REF]R$ TO Z TE/ICLES4 ,^! GL&S PRODUCE HORM"OS T REGULATE REPRODUC;N 9 MALES 9 ADDI;N TO PRODUC+ SP]M4 #AB;A ,FEMALE ,EXT]NAL ,G5ITALIA ,UNLIKE MO/ ( ! PREC$+ IMAGES1 ? GRAPHIC %[S EXT]NAL R ?AN 9T]NAL F1TURES ( ! BODY4 ,! PRES5TA;N 9 ? DIAGRAM IS A 8DOCTOR'S VIEW10 T IS1 A VIEW 9 : A FEMALE IS LY+ D[N ) H] LEGS A"P4 ,! TRUNCAT$ LEGS >E 9DICAT$ ) LABELS ON ! LEFT & "R4 ,/UD5TS C 2G9 ) ! ANUS1 A /RUCTURE COMMON TO BO? MALES & FEMALES1 LOCAT$ AT ! BOTTOM ( ! GRAPHIC4 ,9 ! GRAPHIC ! .1LABIA .1MAJORA >E %[N Z G5TLE FOLDS T EXT5D UPW>D F ? >EA ON ! LEFT & "R SIDES2 ! BRL LABEL " IS ONLY ON ! LEFT4 ,9T]NAL TO ^! /RUCTURES >E ! .1LABIA .1M9ORA1 : RUN P>ALLEL B >E M* ?9N]2 ! BRL LABEL " IS J ABV ! ANUS4 ,! LABIA 5VELOP TWO M OP5+S3 ! VAG9A "<;V">1 OR BIR? CANAL1 & ABV T1 ! URE?RA "<;U">4 ,! CLITORIS " IS A SMALL KNOB-L /RUCTURE LOCAT$ AT ! V TOP4 #AB;B ,FEMALE #DA ,REPRODUCTIVE ,SY/EM "<9T]NAL FRONT VIEW"> ,? 9T]NAL VIEW FOCUSES ON ! L[] ABDOM51 ) BO? ! UPP] BODY & ! LEGS TRUNCAT$4 ,/UD5TS %D "U/& T ? IMAGE IS A L;GITUD9AL SEC;N %[+ ! ANT]IOR VIEW ( ! REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS4 ,"S >1S >E RAIS$1 S* Z ! OV>IES "<%[N ) A BUMPY TEXTURE"> & ! WALLS ( ! ,FALLOPIAN TUBES1 OR OVIDUCTS1 & ! UT]US1 C]VIX1 & VAG9A4 ,! RECESS$ >1S %[ ! SPACE )9 ^! TUBUL> ORGANS4 ,US+ A /YLUS1 /UD5TS C TRACE ! PA? ( AN EGG REL1S$ F AN OV>Y1 "? ! ,FALLOPIAN TUBE1 9TO ! UT]US1 & EV5TUALLY \ ! VAG9A4 ,! PA? ( SP]M PRIOR TO 3CEP;N IS 4COV]$ BY TRAC+ ) ! /YLUS 9 ! OPPOSITE DIREC;N1 />T+ ) ! VAG9A4 #AB;C ,FEMALE ,REPRODUCTIVE ,SY/EM "<9T]NAL SIDE VIEW"> ,? GRAPHIC %[S ! L[] ABDOM5 ) ! UPP] BODY & LEGS TRUNCAT$4 ,! IMAGE IS A L;GITUD9AL SEC;N %[+ A SIDE VIEW ( ! REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS1 AL;G ) ORGANS F O!R ANATOMICAL SY/EMS = REF];E4 ,! 9T]NAL ORGANS >E BRACKET$ BY ! PUBIC B"O ON ! LEFT " & ! B"OS ( ! SP9E ON ! "R "4 ,TO ! LEFT ( ! SP9E >E ! RECTUM & ANUS1 SIGNAL+ ! 5D ( ! DIGE/IVE TRACT4 ,! OV>Y1 ,FALLOPIAN TUBE1 UT]US1 & VAG9A LIE 9 ! C5T] ( ! DIAGRAM1 & ! UR9>Y BLADD] & URE?RA >E TO ! LEFT ( ^! /RUCTURES4 ,! .1LABIA .1MAJORA >E %[N AT ! BOTTOM ( ! DIAGRAM 5CLOS+ ! OP5+S ( ! VAG9A & URE?RA4 ,! CLITORIS IS LOCAT$ J 2N ! PUBIC B"O4 #DC ,/UD5TS %D "U/& T ! >RANGE;T ( ! OP5+S TO ! V>I\S SY/EMS " 9 ? GRAPHIC IS ! SAME Z 9 ,IMAGE #AB;A1 J VIEW$ F A DI6]5T P]SPECTIVE4 #AC ,TAMPON ,9S];N " ,? DIAGRAM %[S ! PLACE;T ( A TAMPON ) 2F & AF VIEWS4 ,2C ^! >E SIDE VIEWS 9 L;GITUD9AL SEC;N1 /UD5TS MAY NE$ BACK-&-=? COMP>ISON ) E>LI] IMAGES 9 ORD] TO CORRELATE ! PA?WAY ( TAMPON 9S];N ) ! ORGANS %[N 9 PREVI\S PRES5TA;NS4 ,! ORGANS & /RUCTURES %[N "<: >E N LABEL$1 TO AVOID CLUTT]">1 />T+ F ! LEFTMO/ OR FRONT " SIDE1 9CLUDE ! LABIA1 URE?RA1 & BLADD]2 ! VAG9A & UT]US2 & ! RECTUM & ANUS4 ,! TAIL 5D ( ! SP9E IS AL %[N 9 ! "RMO/ PO/]IOR POSI;N4 ,! DRAW+ ILLU/RATES ! TAMPON 5T]+ ! VAG9AL OP5+ AT AN ANGLE1 Z %[N BY ! >R[ & RAIS$ DA%$ L9E4 ,! US] %D IMAG9E A L9E OR PA? PO9T+ T[>D ! L[] BACK :5 9S]T+ X1 AF SPR1D+ ! LABIA A"P4 ,! SECOND "P ( ! DRAW+ %[S ! TAMPON 9 PLACE1 ) ! 5D ( ! /R+ REMA9+ \TSIDE ! VAG9A4 #AD;A ,MALE ,EXT]NAL ,G5ITALIA ,Z ) DIAGRAM #AB;A1 ? IMAGE FOCUSES ONLY ON ! >EA ( ! G5ITALIA2 ! RE/ ( ! BODY IS N %[N4 ,! TACTILE DI6];E 2T ! LEFT & "R "PS ( ! IMAGE IS V SUBTLE4 ,! LEFT SIDE ( ! DIAGRAM %[S AN UNCIRCUMCIS$ P5IS2 ! =ESK9 COV]S ! H1D ( ! P5IS EXCEPT = A SMALL #DE R.D OP5+ AT ! TIP1 ": ! URE?RAL OP5+ IS4 ,! "R SIDE ( ! DIAGRAM %[S A CIRCUMCIS$ P5IS 9 : ! =ESK9 HAS BE5 REMOV$4 ,9 ? CASE1 ! H1D IS FULLY EXPOS$ & M TACTUALLY DEF9$4 ,9 BO? IMAGES1 ! PUBIS IS %[N Z ! RAIS$ >EA 2H ! P5IS1 ) %ORT1 RAIS$ L9ES 9DICAT+ HAIR4 #AD;B ,MALE ,REPRODUCTIVE ,SY/EM "<9T]NAL SIDE VIEW"> ,? DIAGRAM PRES5TS A LEFT SIDE VIEW 9 L;GITUD9AL SEC;N ( ! L[] ABDOM5 & 9CLUDES1 = REF];E1 /RUCTURES SE5 9 O!R DIAGRAMS1 S* Z ! PUBIC B"O & L[] SP9E1 RECTUM & ANUS1 & UR9>Y BLADD]4 ,/UD5TS W NOTE T ONLY "O ( ! PAIR$ /RUCTURES " IS VISIBLE 9 ? DIAGRAM4 ,TRAC+ ! DI6]5T TUBUL> /RUCTURES T >E %[N W TAKE "S C>E;L ATT5;N4 ,/UD5TS W NOTE T ! UR9>Y BLADD]1 ! SEM9AL VESICLE1 & ! .1VAS .1DEF]5S "<: />TS AT ! TE/ICLES & LOOPS UP & OV] ! BLADD]"> ALL FE$ 9TO ! URE?RA4 ,FUR!R1 !Y %D ALL 2 SE5 Z PASS+ "? ! PRO/ATE GL&4 ,! EJACULATE1 OR SEM51 COMPRISES SECRE;NS F ! SEM9AL VESICLES & ! PRO/ATE GL& 9 ADDI;N TO ! SP]M PRODUC$ 9 ! TE/ES "<& /OR$ 9 ! EPIDIDYMIDES 2F EJACULA;N">4 ,TRAC+ ! 9CIS$ PA?WAYS ( SEM5 PRODUC;N TO ! URE?RAL OP5+ ) A /YLUS MIE NUMB]$ #A "? #E1 2G9N+ AT ! UPP] LEFT & PROGRESS+ CLOCKWISE4 #DG ,! F/ SEC;N %[S A CLOSE-UP ( A SP]M CELL & "S ( XS "PS "4 ,F "! WE SEE /AGES 9 ! PROCESS ( F]TILIZA;N ( AN EGG CELL4 ,! SP]M CELLS SW>M >.D ! EGG CELL1 ) "O SP]M EV5TUALLY 5T]+ ! EGG4 ,9 ! F\R? SEC;N1 ! \T] REGION ( ! EGG CR1TES A B>RI] TO PREV5T O!R SP]M CELLS F 5T]+4 ,! FIF? SEC;N GIVES A CLOSE-UP ( ! F]TILIZ$ EGG4 ,! NUCLEI F ! EGG & SU3ESS;L SP]M H FUS$1 & ! TAIL ( ! SP]M CELL IS CA/ (F4 ,AM]ICAN ,PR9T+ ,H\SE = ! ,BL #AHCI ,FRANK=T ,AV5UE1 ,L\ISVILLE1 ,K5TUCKY #DJBJF #EJB-#HIE-#BDJE #HJJ-#BBC-#AHCI WWW4APH4ORG 9FO@AAPH4ORG ,H1L? ,$UCA;N ,TACTILE ,GRAPHICS ,9/RUC;NAL ,GUIDEBOOK = ,/UD5TS & ,T1*]S ,COPY"R ^C#BJBJ ,CATALOG ,NUMB] #A-#JHJEE-#JJ @.<,! ,5D@.>