What Is the Secret to Restoring Your Concrete's Original Sparkle?
What Is the Secret to Restoring Your Concrete's Original Sparkle?
Common Sources Of Concrete Wear And Tear
Concrete is an extremely resilient and versatile material, extensively used in construction for its toughness and long life. Pressure Cleaning Bundaberg offers expert pressure washing services for residential concrete cleaning company Pressure Cleaning Bundaberg offers a variety of services tailored to residential. However, like all products, it is not immune to the wear and tears and ecological factors. Understanding the usual root causes of concrete wear and tear is the initial step in restoring your concrete's initial luster and ensuring its durability.
One major cause of concrete degeneration is the freeze-thaw cycle. Concrete is permeable, which indicates it can soak up water. In chillier environments, this taken in water can ice up and expand, creating the concrete to fracture and spall. Gradually, repeated freeze-thaw cycles will substantially deteriorate the concrete, causing surface degradation and a loss of aesthetic allure.
One more widespread concern is chemical attack, particularly from de-icing salts utilized on roads and sidewalks. These salts can penetrate the surface of the concrete and react with its elements, resulting in scaling, flaking, and the rust of enhancing steel within. This not only reduces the aesthetic charm of the concrete however likewise endangers its architectural integrity.
Furthermore, poor building and construction practices can accelerate concrete wear and tear. Inadequate mixing, incorrect curing, or not enough coverage of reinforcement can bring about very early failure. These practices can develop powerlessness in the concrete that are more prone to ecological damages and chemical assault.
To restore your concrete's initial appeal, dealing with these underlying problems is vital. Begin by evaluating the degree of the damage and recognizing the root causes. For freeze-thaw damage, consider applying a sealant or a concrete overlay to safeguard the surface area and protect against further water infiltration. If chemical strike is the perpetrator, eliminating the infected surface area and using a protective finishing can aid restore the concrete's look and shield against future damage.
In cases where inadequate building and construction practices have actually caused degeneration, extra considerable repair work may be required. This could involve removing and changing broken sections or using reinforcing products to boost structural integrity.
Lastly, continuous upkeep is essential to protecting the brought back radiance of your concrete. Routine cleansing, prompt fixings of little fractures and chips, and the application of protective sealants can aid fend off future damage.
To conclude, recognizing the usual root causes of concrete deterioration is vital for effective reconstruction. By addressing these problems and executing safety nets, you can bring back and preserve your concrete's original beauty and functionality, guaranteeing it stands the examination of time.
Value of Normal Cleansing
Concrete is a sturdy and functional product commonly made use of in different building applications, from driveways and patio areas to interior floors. Over time, however, concrete surfaces can shed their original gloss because of exposure to the components, foot web traffic, and other ecological elements. Among the essential secrets to bring back and preserving the initial gloss of concrete is normal cleansing.
Normal cleansing functions as the structure for keeping any type of concrete surface area, stopping the accumulation of dirt, gunk, and spots that can stain its look. Concrete, while durable, is permeable and can soak up materials that result in staining and degradation in time. By executing a regular cleaning routine, you can significantly reduce the threat of these problems and expand the life of your concrete surface area.
The first step in routine concrete cleansing is to get rid of loose debris and dust, which can be accomplished with straightforward sweeping or making use of a leaf blower. This initial step prevents rough fragments from scratching the surface area when more comprehensive cleansing techniques are applied. Following this, a mild wash with water can assist get rid of surface-level dust and dust. For even more stubborn stains, a mild cleaning agent or specialized concrete cleaner can be used. These products are developed to permeate the porous surface of concrete and lift deep-seated discolorations without causing damages.
One more important element of keeping concrete's appeal is resolving spills and stains immediately. Whether it's oil, grease, or various other materials, prompt attention can protect against long-term staining. Utilizing absorbing materials like pet cat trash or baking soda can assist soak up spills, while a combination of water and vinegar can be reliable for removing moderate discolorations. For harder discolorations, a stress washer could be necessary. However, care needs to be worked out to prevent damaging the concrete with excessive stress.
Along with regular cleaning, sealing the concrete is an exceptional method to protect its look. Sealants serve as a safety obstacle, lowering the concrete's permeability and making it more immune to spots and weathering. Regularly reapplying a sealant, as recommended by the manufacturer, can keep your concrete looking brand-new for longer.
Ultimately, routine examinations of your concrete surfaces can aid recognize possible issues early. Fractures or chips can be repaired before they aggravate, making sure that the surface area continues to be even and visually pleasing. Dealing with these problems quickly not just preserves the appearance however additionally improves the structural integrity of the concrete.
Finally, the trick to restoring and maintaining your concrete's original appeal depends on the relevance of regular cleansing. By establishing a consistent cleansing regimen, dealing with spills and spots quickly, securing the surface, and carrying out regular
Efficient Cleansing Strategies for Concrete
Restoring concrete to its original luster requires a mix of efficient cleansing strategies, the best items, and a little bit of patience. Concrete, a resilient and functional material, is typically based on harsh environmental problems, spills, and wear that can dull its look over time. To restore its original shine, comprehending the nature of concrete and the ideal cleaning methods is important.
First, it's important to analyze the present condition of the concrete. Establish whether it has stains, mold and mildew, or just gathered dirt. Each of these issues needs a various strategy. For general dirt and gunk, a straightforward move adhered to by an extensive pressure wash can be extremely effective. Pressure washing is one of the most prominent methods, as it uses high-pressure water to remove dirt and gunk ingrained in the concrete's permeable surface area. Nevertheless, it is vital to make use of the ideal pressure readying to prevent harming the concrete.
For spots, such as oil or oil, a more targeted approach is needed. Commercial concrete cleaners are specifically created to damage down these tough spots. Using a degreaser or a specialized cleaner and scrubbing with a stiff-bristled brush can raise the discolorations effectively. In many cases, using a poultice-- a paste made from a cleaning agent and an absorbent material-- can draw out deep spots. The key is to let the plaster rest for the advised time before wiping it away.
Mold and mildew, which grow in wet environments, can likewise be a concern for concrete. Utilizing a solution of water and bleach or a specialized mold eliminator can eliminate these unattractive developments. Always make certain correct air flow and put on safety equipment when managing strong chemicals to shield both your health and wellness and the environment.
As soon as the concrete is tidy, securing it is an important action to maintain its recovered appearance. A high quality concrete sealer not only boosts the color and appeal however likewise offers a safety obstacle versus future spots and damage. There are various kinds of sealants, from penetrating sealants which use security without transforming the surface area look to topical sealants that can add a glossy or wet appearance.
Lastly, maintaining the concrete's luster involves routine cleaning and resealing as essential. Including a gentle cleansing regimen, such as sweeping away particles and without delay cleaning spills, can prolong the life of the sealant and maintain the concrete looking its finest.
Finally, the secret to restoring your concrete's initial luster hinges on recognizing the specific concerns influencing it and applying the appropriate cleansing strategies. From stress cleaning and discolor elimination to
Selecting the Right Sealer for Concrete
Bring back concrete to its original radiance can rejuvenate weary, worn surfaces, changing them right into distinctive functions that boost the general aesthetic of a residential or commercial property. The trick to achieving this rejuvenated appearance depends on choosing the right sealant for your concrete, a selection that can significantly influence the sturdiness and aesthetic appeal of the surface.
Concrete, while inherently solid and sturdy, is permeable and prone to harm from ecological variables such as moisture, UV rays, and temperature level variations. With time, these elements can cause concrete to break, discolor, and shed its preliminary sheen. To restore its radiance, the application of an appropriate sealant is crucial.
The primary step in selecting the appropriate sealer is understanding the certain needs of your concrete surface. Various sorts of sealers use differing levels of defense and surface, each made to accommodate particular conditions and wanted outcomes. For instance, if the concrete is subjected to heavy foot web traffic or automobile lots, a more durable sealer like an epoxy or polyurethane might be optimal because of their high toughness and resistance to abrasion.
For outside concrete surface areas, such as driveways or patios, it is crucial to choose a sealant that provides protection against UV rays and water infiltration. Acrylic sealers are prominent for these applications, as they offer a safety obstacle while boosting the shade and appearance of the concrete. They are likewise relatively very easy to use and maintain, making them a practical option for home owners looking for to rejuvenate their exterior areas.
On the other hand, if the goal is to draw out the natural elegance of the concrete while giving a wet, glossy appearance, penetrating sealers like silanes or siloxanes may be more appropriate. These sealants work by passing through the surface area and creating a chemical bond within the concrete, supplying outstanding security versus dampness without changing the look also considerably.
An additional factor to take into consideration is the ecological impact and safety and security of the sealer. Choosing low-VOC (volatile natural substance) sealers can minimize harmful emissions and add to a healthier interior or outside atmosphere.
Eventually, the trick to restoring your concrete's initial radiance lies in a thoughtful option of sealant based on the details needs and problems of the surface. By assessing elements such as exposure to elements, preferred surface, and environmental considerations, you can choose a sealant that not only rejuvenates your concrete yet also guarantees its long life and strength. With the ideal sealant, your concrete can reclaim its initial beauty, enhancing both the capability and beauty of your property.
Repairing Splits and Surface Damages
Concrete is a staple in contemporary building and construction, renowned for its toughness and strength. Nonetheless, gradually, also one of the most durable concrete surfaces can succumb to the impacts of weather, wear, and various other outside pressures. Fractures and surface area damage not just mar the aesthetic appeal of concrete however can also compromise its structural integrity. Recovering your concrete to its original radiance involves a combination of fixing methods and preventive measures that protect against future degeneration.
The first step in restoring concrete is to analyze the extent of the damages. Tiny cracks and surface blemishes can commonly be repaired with a simple patching substance. These substances are developed to fill in voids and develop a smooth surface area, properly concealing the imperfections. They are readily available in various formulas, several of which are tailored for certain types of damage or environmental problems. For example, specific products are preferable for locations that experience regular freeze-thaw cycles, supplying adaptability and strength against development and contraction.
For bigger or much more extreme fractures, an extra extensive technique may be required. This might involve making use of a concrete resurfacer, a specialized mix that bonds to the existing surface area, developing a brand-new, sturdy layer. Resurfacing not just fixings damage but likewise renews the appearance of the concrete, providing it a fresh, uniform appearance. It is important to thoroughly clean and prepare the surface area before using any type of resurfacing product, as contaminants like oil, dirt, or old paint can impede the bonding procedure.
Among the keys to restoring concrete's initial luster depends on the finishing touches. After fixing fractures and attending to surface damages, applying a concrete sealant can protect the surface area from future injury. Sealants act as an obstacle against dampness, chemicals, and UV rays, every one of which can contribute to the degradation of concrete gradually. They also improve the appearance of the concrete, providing it a glossy or matte surface depending upon the product selected.
Maintenance is an additional essential aspect in maintaining the elegance and durability of concrete surface areas. Regular cleansing and examinations can aid recognize possible issues before they turn into considerable problems. Additionally, immediately addressing any brand-new fractures or damages can stop them from escalating, consequently prolonging the life of the concrete.
To conclude, the key to recovering your concrete's initial luster is a mix of effective fixing methods and persistent upkeep. By addressing splits and surface damage quickly, using top notch materials, and applying protective sealers, you can invigorate your concrete surfaces and ensure they continue to be beautiful and functional for several years to find. With the appropriate approach, even the most weather-beaten
Tips for Long-term Concrete Conservation
Concrete is just one of the most sturdy and dependable materials used in construction, yet in time, even this unfaltering product can lose its initial radiance. Aspects such as environmental exposure, chemical reactions, and mechanical wear can lead to a loss of visual allure and structural honesty. Restoring your concrete to its original state requires a mix of upkeep, security, and remediation methods. Right here is an overview to assist you preserve your concrete for the long term and restore its original appeal.
To start with, routine cleaning is crucial for preserving concrete's look and long life. Dirt, crud, and spots can build up on the surface, marring its look and potentially causing wear and tear. Utilize a power washing machine or a hose with high stress to remove surface area particles. For spots, consider making use of a mild cleaning agent or a specialized concrete cleaner. Guarantee you wash extensively to stop soap residue from attracting much more dust.
Sealing is another essential action in preserving your concrete. Sealants function as a protective barrier versus dampness, chemicals, and wear. They aid stop water penetration, which can create breaking and spalling because of freeze-thaw cycles. Select a top notch sealer appropriate for your certain kind of concrete and its direct exposure problems. On a regular basis reapplying the sealant, usually every few years, will certainly preserve its protective advantages.
Attending to fractures and damage quickly can protect against a lot more comprehensive degeneration. Tiny fractures can quickly end up being larger if left unattended, causing substantial architectural problems. Make use of a concrete repair service compound to fill fractures and voids as quickly as they show up. For larger repair services, take into consideration employing a specialist to ensure the stability of the framework is not endangered.
In addition to these upkeep actions, taking on safety nets can significantly boost the durability and appearance of your concrete. Prevent utilizing de-icing chemicals in wintertime, as they can worsen freeze-thaw damages. Rather, use sand or kitty clutter for grip. Similarly, beware with grass fertilizers and various other chemicals that can stain or damage the concrete surface area.
Finally, for those aiming to bring back concrete's original gloss, think about resurfacing treatments. These involve using a thin layer of brand-new concrete or a polymer-modified layer over the existing surface area. This procedure can cover staining, tiny flaws, and wear, giving your concrete a fresh, vibrant look. Sprucing up is one more choice that includes grinding the surface area to attain a smooth, shiny surface, perfect for interior spaces or ornamental applications.
To conclude, the key to bring back and preserving your concrete's initial luster hinges on consistent upkeep, protection, and prompt repairs
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About Bundaberg
For other uses, see Bundaberg (disambiguation).
City in Queensland, Australia
Bundaberg Queensland
(From left to right) Aerial view of Bundaberg and the Burnett River, Bundaberg Post Office and Bundaberg War Memorial, Hinkler House in the Bundaberg Botanic Gardens, Bundaberg Regional Art Gallery, Historic architecture along Bourbong street, Bundaberg Rum Distillery, South Sea Islander wall
Bundaberg (/ˈbʌndəbɜːrɡ/) is a city in the Bundaberg Region, Wide Bay, Queensland, Australia, and is the tenth largest city in the state.[2] It is a major centre of the Wide Bay–Burnett geographical region. The Bundaberg central business district is situated along the southern bank of the Burnett River, about 20 km (12 mi) from its mouth at Burnett Heads, and flows into the Coral Sea.[3] The city is sited on a rich coastal plain, supporting one of the nation's most productive agricultural regions. The area of Bundaberg is the home of the Taribelang-Bunda, Goreng Goreng, Gurang, and Bailai peoples.[4][5] Popular nicknames for Bundaberg include "Bundy", "Rum City", and "The 'Berg". The demonym of Bundaberg is Bundabergian.[citation needed] In the 2021 census, Bundaberg's urban area has a population of 73,747 people.[1][6]
The district surveyor, John Thompson Charlton designed the city layout in 1868, which planned for uniform square blocks with wide main streets, and named it ‘Bundaberg’.[7] An early influence on the development of Bundaberg came with the 1868 Land Act, which was a famous Queensland via media, that aimed to create a class of Australian yeoman.[8] Large sugarcane plantations were established throughout the 1880s, with industries of sugar mills, refineries, and rum distilleries that delivered prosperity to Bundaberg.[9] These plantations used South Sea Islanders as indentured labourers, many of whom were blackbirded, a practice considered of form of slavery.[10][11] The trade was outlawed in 1904, with most South Sea Islanders deported by 1906.[12] Major floods in 1942 and 1954 damaged the river, ending Bundaberg's role as a river port and led to a new port at the mouth of the Burnett river.[13] In the post-war era, Bundaberg continued to grow with its wealth tied to its sugar industry.[14] In 2013, Bundaberg experienced record flooding from Cyclone Oswald, which was the worst disaster in the city's history.[15]
The economy of Bundaberg is based primarily on agriculture, forestry, fishing and tourism, with a gross regional product at about $5.6 billion as of 2023.[16] Bundaberg also has a major distillery and brewery industry that exports to international markets.[17] The city is served by the Port of Bundaberg and the Bundaberg Airport.
Bundaberg has a rich history and culture, along with its humid subtropical climate it is known for its weeping fig trees, dry stone walls, and historic plantations, including the Fairymead Plantation and the Sunnyside Sugar Plantation, the latter of which is the site of a mass grave.[18] Other sites of South Sea Islander cultural significance include Sir Anthony's Rest atop the Bundaberg Hummock and the South Sea Islander Church. Major cultural institutions include the Hinkler Hall of Aviation and the Bundaberg Regional Art Gallery. The city's culinary culture is highlighted by its annual 'Banquet on the Bridge',[19] and an iconic rum and gin culture with Bundaberg Rum originating in the city.
Bundaberg is a popular tourism destination, the city's hinterland includes the historic towns of Childers and Gin Gin, Lake Monduran, Cania Gorge National Park and the Promisedland mountain bike trails. Bundaberg's coastal areas include Bargara and Mon Repos, Deepwater National Park, and the southernmost reaches of the Great Barrier Reef alongside the islands of Lady Musgrave and Lady Elliot.
Geography
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The city is about 385 kilometres (239 mi) north of the state capital, Brisbane. It is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) inland from the Coral Sea coast and situated on the Burnett River.
Etymology
[edit]
City name
[edit]
The name was coined by surveyor John Charlton Thompson and his assistant Alfred Dale Edwards. Bunda was derived from the name of one of the kinship groups of the local Taribelang people, and appended with the suffix "berg". Two sources of the suffix have been proposed. It is a Saxon suffix which means "hill".[20] It is also a German word which translates as "mountain", and refers to the Sloping Hummoch, the singular hill rising above the relatively flat region surrounding the Burnett River on which the city is situated.
Colloquially, the city is widely known throughout Australia as "Bundy". Residents are referred to by the demonym Bundaberger, and the corresponding adjective is Bundabergian.
Bourbong Street
[edit]
Bourbong Street is the main street of the city. and there is some controversy in regards to its spelling and meaning. Bourbong was alternatively spelled Bourbon or Boorbong, which was a local Aboriginal title given to a large waterhole in the area.[21] The main street was historically also gazetted in the Bundaberg Mail as "Bourbon" street, but by 1941 there is no reference to "Bourbon" street. Robert Strathdee's farming selection in the vicinity of the watering holes was recorded on early survey maps as 'Boorbung'.[22]
A pioneer pastoralist of the region, Nicholas Tooth, wrote that "Bourbong" was derived from the local Aboriginal phrase "bier rabong", meaning "plenty dead". Tooth, who took up land in the area in the early 1860s, found that Aboriginal people resolutely avoided the "bier rabong" vicinity. He later found the skeletal remains there of around twenty Aboriginal people who were apparently massacred in a raid by the Native Police.[23]
History
[edit]
Burnett River
Early history
[edit]
The Traditional owner Aboriginal groups in the region are the Taribelang, Gooreng Gooreng, Gurang, and Bailai peoples. They are the original inhabitants of the region.[24] A determination of Native Title was made for all four cultural groups by the National Native Title Tribunal, pursuant to the Native Title Act 1993, on 28 November 2017.[25] It was determined that "native title exists in the entire determination area" of Bundaberg, Gladstone, and the North Burnett.
As such, the Bundaberg Regional Council has reflected this recognition in their "First Nations Strategy 2022-2026", and endeavours to celebrate and embrace the region's "local connections to First Nation Peoples and other cultures".[26]
Initial British colonisation
[edit]
The first British man to visit the area was James Davis in the 1830s. He was an escaped convict from the Moreton Bay Penal settlement who lived with the Kabi people to the south of the region. He resided mostly around the Mary River and was referred to as Durrumboi.[27] The Burnett River was surveyed by John Charles Burnett, after whom it was named during his exploration mission of the Wide Bay and Burnett regions in 1847.[28][29]
British occupation of the land in the region began in 1848 when pastoral squatters Gregory Blaxland Jnr and William Forster established a sheep station. Blaxland was a son of the Blue Mountains explorer, Gregory Blaxland, and Forster was later to become a Premier of New South Wales. They selected a very large area of land which encompassed most of the western part of the modern day Bundaberg Region along the Burnett River. They named this pastoral lease Tirroan.
Blaxland and Forster had previously set up sheep stations near the Clarence River and had a notable history of conflict with Aboriginal people.[30] Sheep stations imposed on native bushland disrupt native food production, typically resulting in widespread hunger and illness amongst native peoples. Conflict continued at Tirroan when two of their shepherds were killed by Aboriginal people in 1849. Forster and Blaxland led a punitive expedition causing multiple Aboriginal deaths. Further conflict occurred the following year when Blaxland was clubbed to death. Forster and a number of other squatters conducted another reprisal, resulting in a large massacre of Aboriginal people in scrubland toward the coastal part of Tirroan.
In the early 1850s, Forster sold the property to Alfred Henry Brown who changed the name of the pastoral lease to Gin Gin. At the same time, Native Police officer, Richard Purvis Marshall, took up the Bingera leasehold in the rainforest scrubland downstream from Tirroan. Three towns in the Bundaberg region, Tirroan, South Bingera and Gin Gin, commemorate these massive initial leaseholds.[31][32]
Sketch of Bundaberg, North Queensland, 1877 (State Library of Queensland)
Cattle and logging
[edit]
Timber workersSouth Sea Islanders on the deck of a ship arriving in Bundaberg, 1895South Sea Islander woman planting sugar cane in a field, c.1897Promotional float for Paramount Theatre for White Zombie with actors in blackface, Bundaberg ca. 1930s.
Before colonisation, much of the land around the lower reaches of the Burnett River consisted of either the Woongarra Scrub, a subtropical rainforest that stood where most of the Bundaberg canefields now grow, or the Barolin Plains, a lightly timbered grassland that stretched along the coastal fringe. Neither of these areas were suitable for sheep farming but the British soon found that raising cattle was possible. In the early 1860s the first cattle stations in the area were established; Branyan on the south side of the Burnett River and Tantitha on the north side.[32][33]
Timber companies, such as that owned by William Pettigrew, started the logging of the Woongarra Scrub in 1867.[32]
In 1868, Samuel Johnston erected a sawmill in Waterview, on the north bank of the Burnett River.[34][35] The Waterview sawmill became a prominent supplier of timber until its closure in 1903 after being damaged by flood.[36]
Town of Bundaberg
[edit]
In 1867, timber-getters and farmers, John and Gavin Steuart, established the Woondooma property which consisted of a few houses and a wharf on the northern banks of the Burnett River where Bundaberg North now stands.[37][34] An official survey of the area was undertaken in 1869 by John Charlton Thompson,[34] assisted by James Ellwood and Alfred Dale Edwards,[38] and the town of Bundaberg was gazetted across the river on the higher, southern banks. The first Bundaberg land sale was held in Maryborough on 11 May 1870 where hotelier John Foley bought the original lots.[32][39]
Sugar
[edit]
Most of the early settlers exploited the timber and grew maize on their selections but as a result of the incentives of the Sugar and Coffee Regulations of 1864, sugar became a major component in Bundaberg's development from the 1870s. Experimental sugar cane cultivation in the district was first grown at John Charlton Thompson's Rubyanna property in 1870 and the first sugar mill was built by Richard Elliot Palmer at his Millbank plantation in 1872.[40][41] Bundaberg rapidly became an important sugar production region after the construction of the Millaquin Sugar Refinery at East Bundaberg by Robert Cran and his sons in 1882.[42] The Fairymead sugar processing plant owned by the Young Brothers (Arthur, Horace and Ernest Young) opened in 1884 which further augmented Bundaberg's sugar producing capacity.
The initial 35 years of the sugar industry in Bundaberg was reliant on South Sea Islander workers, who were often blackbirded and kept in a status close to slavery. The first significant shipload of Kanaka labour, as it was called, to arrive on the Burnett River came in January 1872 aboard the Petrel.[43] Allegations of kidnapping and wounding immediately arose concerning the recruitment of the Islanders on this vessel.[44] Influential Bundaberg plantation owners were able to purchase recruiting ships in order to obtain labour directly from areas such as the Solomon Islands and the New Hebrides. The Young Brothers owned the Lochiel and the May vessels,[45][46] the Cran family and Frederic Buss were the major investors in the Helena while the Ariel was co-owned by a number of local planters.[47] While some of the recruitment was voluntary, violence and deception toward Islanders often took place. For example, the crew of the Helena fought a battle with the locals of Ambrym while taking Islanders from there.[48]
These labourers had to work for three years and were only paid at the end of this time period. Instead of cash, they usually received substandard goods and trinkets of minimal value as payment.[49] Excessive mortality of the Islanders while serving their term of labour in the Bundaberg region was frequent. Overwork, poor housing, inadequate food, contaminated water supplies and a lack of medical care all contributed to the high death rate. Penalties for the plantation owners whose neglect resulted in these fatalities were rare and did not exceed a £10 fine.[50][51] Importing South Sea Islander labour was made illegal in 1904 and enforced repatriation of these workers out of Bundaberg and other locations in Queensland occurred from 1906 to 1908.[52]
Holy Rosary Catholic Church, Bundaberg, 1939
The 1911 Queensland sugar strike occurred after the phasing out of South Sea Islander labour, with workers claiming that many plantation owners had substituted black indentured labourers (sometimes referred to as slaves) with white ones. Workers sought better accommodation, wages and conditions, including an eight-hour day and a minimum weekly wage of 30 shillings, including food. The mobilisation of unionists from Bundaberg to Mossman was a major achievement, with the 1911 strike lasting over seven weeks in Bundaberg where the town's economy was largely based on the sugar industry.[53] The end result of the strike was a Commonwealth Royal Commission into the sugar industry in 1911–12, which had been initially requested by Harry Hall, a Bundaberg AWA organiser in 1908 with a petition signed by 1500 Bundaberg sugar workers.[54] The Royal Commission, with ALF Secretary Albert Hinchcliffe as secretary, concluded the AWA demands had been justified. The union victory was a watershed in organised labour in Queensland and Australia.[55][56]
Vaudeville marquees on Quay Street on the banks of the Burnett River, 1935
Further progress
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Buss Park vista, the Church of England to the left, and the Presbyterian Church and the Ambulance Building in the background, 1946Bundaberg War Memorial in front of the Bundaberg Post Office, 1948
St Joseph's School opened in June 1876.[57]
With the passage of the Local Authorities Act 1902, Barolin Division became the Shire of Barolin and the Borough of Bundaberg became the Town of Bundaberg on 31 March 1903. On 22 November 1913, Bundaberg was proclaimed a City.[58]
In 1912 Bundaberg pioneering aviator Bert Hinkler built and successfully flew his own glider on Mon Repos beach. He also completed a noteworthy non-stop flight from London to Turin in 1920. The following year in 1921 Hinkler flew from Sydney to Bundaberg, non-stop, in a record breaking flight of 8 and a half hours, in the process beating a telegram he had sent to his mother, to warn her of his arrival.[59]
The Bundaberg War Memorial commemorating those who died in the Anglo-Boer War and World War I was unveiled by Major-General Charles Brand on 30 July 1921.[60][61] The Bundaberg digger was imported from Italy and is constructed of Italian marble. The completed memorial, at a cost of £1,650, was the third most costly to be erected in Queensland. It is a major regional memorial and one of the two most intact digger memorials that remain in their original settings of intersections.
The Bundaberg tragedy of 1928 resulted in the deaths of 12 children in a 24-hour period after they were administered a contaminated diphtheria vaccine.[62]
In 1941 the Sisters of Mercy purchased the house Brabourne (originally owned by prominent citizen Frederick Buss) and established St Mary's Hostel, for women and girls working in or visiting Bundaberg. After World War II, doctors were calling for modern hospital facilities in Bundaberg, so the Sisters converted the hostel into the Mater Private Hospital, a 24-bed hospital with an operating theatre, chapel, and accommodation for the nurses and maids, officially opening on 28 July 1946. The nurses were initially all nuns, but they established a training school for other women to become nurses. The hospital expanded over the years with additional beds, operating theatres, X-ray, pathology and a dedicated children's ward. It was the first hospital in Queensland to use the Zeiss ophthalmic microscope, the first regional hospital in Queensland to have a lymphoedema clinic, and to use facial recognition technology for endoscopic sinus surgery.[63]
In the 1960s the township was completely flooded by the Burnett river. In 1967 Bundaberg celebrated its centenary by producing a coin and opening The Bundaberg and District Historical Museum in the Bundaberg Botanical Gardens in Bundaberg North.
Bundaberg in the 21st century
[edit]
In December 2010, Bundaberg suffered its worst floods in 60 years, when floodwaters from the Burnett River inundated hundreds of homes.[64]
Two years later, in January 2013, Bundaberg experienced its worst flooding in recorded history as a result of Cyclone Oswald. Floodwaters from the Burnett River peaked at 9.53 metres. Over 4,000 properties and 600 businesses had been affected by floodwaters, which moved in excess of 70 kilometres per hour (43 mph).[65] Two defence force Blackhawk helicopters were brought in from Townsville as part of the evacuation operation, which ultimately used an additional 14 aircraft.
On 6 April 2018, Prince Charles visited Bundaberg Rum Distillery[66] He stated, “I'm thrilled that this Distillery's proving to be the one that produces some of the most famous and special of all rums around the world."[66]
In 2018, the Australian Bureau of Statistics estimated the population of Bundaberg's significant urban area was 70,921 people.[67]
Demographics
[edit]
In the 2016 census, the city of Bundaberg had a population of 50,148 people.[68]
In the 2016 Census, there were 69,069 people in Bundaberg (Significant Urban Area). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 4.3% of the population. 81.2% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were England 3.2%, New Zealand 1.8%, Philippines 0.7%, South Africa 0.5% and Scotland 0.4%. 88.9% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Mandarin 0.5%, Italian 0.4%, German 0.3%, Afrikaans 0.2% and Tagalog 0.2%. The most common responses for religion were No Religion 26.3%, Catholic 18.7% and Anglican 18.6%.[69]
In the 2021 census, Bundaberg's urban area has a population of 73,747 people.[1][6]
Heritage listings
[edit]
Aerial view from the west
Bundaberg has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
Corner of Bargara Road and Zeilke Avenue, Kalkie: Kalkie State School[70]
Bourbong Street, Bundaberg Central: Bourbong Street Weeping Figs[71]
Bourbong Street, Bundaberg Central: Bundaberg War Memorial[72]
Bourbong Street, West Bundaberg: Bundaberg War Nurses Memorial[73]
Bourbong Street between Bundaberg Central and Bundaberg East: Kennedy Bridge[74]
155a Bourbong Street: Bundaberg Post Office[75]
184 Bourbong Street, Bundaberg Central: Bundaberg School of Arts[76]
Cnr Woongarra and Maryborough streets, Bundaberg Central: Christ Church, Bundaberg[90] The church sits adjacent to Buss Park which contains a memorial to Bert Hinkler.
Climate
[edit]
Bundaberg has a warm humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa) with hot, wet summers and very mild, dry winters. Mean maximum temperatures are high for most of the year, from 22.3 °C (72.1 °F) in July to 30.4 °C (86.7 °F) in January. Annual rainfall averages around 997.0 millimetres (39.25 in), with a strong summer maximum and winter minimum.[91] Extreme temperatures ranged from −0.7 °C (30.7 °F) on 16 July 1918 to 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) on 19 December 1901.[92]
Climate data for Bundaberg (24º54'36"S, 152º19'12"E, 31 m AMSL) (1942-2024 normals, extremes 1892-2024)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
38.9 (102.0)
38.6 (101.5)
38.5 (101.3)
34.9 (94.8)
31.7 (89.1)
29.7 (85.5)
29.0 (84.2)
31.1 (88.0)
36.5 (97.7)
35.8 (96.4)
37.7 (99.9)
40.2 (104.4)
40.2 (104.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
30.4 (86.7)
30.2 (86.4)
29.4 (84.9)
27.6 (81.7)
24.9 (76.8)
22.7 (72.9)
22.3 (72.1)
23.6 (74.5)
25.7 (78.3)
27.2 (81.0)
28.6 (83.5)
29.7 (85.5)
26.9 (80.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
21.5 (70.7)
21.4 (70.5)
20.2 (68.4)
17.6 (63.7)
14.2 (57.6)
11.6 (52.9)
10.3 (50.5)
10.9 (51.6)
13.7 (56.7)
16.6 (61.9)
18.8 (65.8)
20.6 (69.1)
16.5 (61.6)
Record low °C (°F)
14.1 (57.4)
12.2 (54.0)
9.7 (49.5)
6.7 (44.1)
3.3 (37.9)
0.7 (33.3)
−0.7 (30.7)
0.6 (33.1)
0.2 (32.4)
5.5 (41.9)
7.9 (46.2)
10.6 (51.1)
−0.7 (30.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
167.3 (6.59)
154.1 (6.07)
111.7 (4.40)
55.8 (2.20)
66.3 (2.61)
48.3 (1.90)
39.3 (1.55)
32.5 (1.28)
34.1 (1.34)
78.0 (3.07)
86.5 (3.41)
123.6 (4.87)
997.0 (39.25)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)
7.9
8.0
7.0
4.9
4.6
3.4
3.1
2.8
2.9
5.1
5.6
6.2
61.5
Average afternoon relative humidity (%)
61
62
59
57
54
52
49
47
49
54
57
60
55
Average dew point °C (°F)
20.1 (68.2)
20.2 (68.4)
18.5 (65.3)
16.2 (61.2)
12.8 (55.0)
10.6 (51.1)
8.8 (47.8)
9.0 (48.2)
11.5 (52.7)
14.6 (58.3)
16.9 (62.4)
18.6 (65.5)
14.8 (58.7)
Source: Bureau of Meteorology (1942-2024 normals, extremes 1892-2024)[93][94]
Suburbs of Bundaberg
[edit]
Aerial view to the north
Avenell
Avoca
Branyan
Bundaberg Central
Bundaberg East
Bundaberg North
Bundaberg South
Bundaberg West
Kalkie
Kepnock
Millbank
Norville
Svensson Heights
Thabeban
Walkervale
Increasing population in Bundaberg is extending residential development into rural localities, such as Ashfield.[95]
Economy
[edit]
Looking down Bourbong Street, Bundaberg town centre.Bundaberg town centre with Bundaberg General Post Office to the right.Young woman riding on the back of a turtle at Mon Repos Beach, near Bundaberg, ca. 1930.
Subtropical Bundaberg is dependent to a large extent on the local sugar industry. Extensive sugar cane fields have been developed throughout the district. Value-adding operations, such as the milling and refinement of sugar, and its packaging and distribution, are located around the city. A local factory that manufactured sugar-cane harvesters was closed down after it was taken over by the US multinational corporation Case New Holland. Most of the raw sugar is exported.[41] A bulk terminal for the export of sugar is located on the Burnett River east of Bundaberg. Recent years have seen the reduction of cane farms and in turn increase of Macadamia farms, whoms main market is China.
Another of the city's exports is Bundaberg Rum, made from the sugar cane by-product molasses. Bundaberg is also home to beverage producer Bundaberg Brewed Drinks Vintage Soda, Craft Brewery Ballistic Brewing Company and Craft Distillery's Waterview Distillery and Kalki Moon.
Commercial fruit and vegetable production is also significant: avocado, banana, bean, button squash, capsicum, chilli, citrus, cucumber, custard apple, egg fruit, honeydew melon, lychee, mango, passionfruit, potato, pumpkin, rockmelon, snow peas, stone fruit, sweet corn, sweet potato, tomato, watermelon, zucchini.[96] Macadamia nuts are also grown.[97] Due to the year-round farm work available in Bundaberg, the city has a high number of working hostels for backpackers looking to extend their working holiday visa in Australia. The hostels provide backpackers with work on farms across the Bundaberg area. However, the hostels and farms have received huge criticism in the press and on social media due to the treatment some backpackers have faced.[98][99] The Courier-Mail have reported claims of poor living conditions, underpayment and allegations of sexual abuse which they say has led to backpackers warning others about working hostels in Bundaberg.[100]
Because of its high rate of unemployment, Bundaberg has been referred to as the "dole capital of Australia".[101]
Tourism
[edit]
Tourism is an important industry in Queensland, and Bundaberg is known as the 'Southern Gateway to the Great Barrier Reef'.[34] The city lies near the southern end of the reef in proximity to Lady Elliot and Lady Musgrave Islands. The nearby town of Bargara is an increasingly popular holiday and retirement destination.
Bundaberg Rum Tours
Nearby beaches are popular with both locals and tourists.[102] Moore Park Beach, to the city's north, has 20 kilometres (12 mi) of golden sandy beach. Beaches on the southern side of the Burnett River are (from north to south) the Oaks Beach, Mon Repos, Nielson Park,[103] Bargara Beach, Kellys Beach, Innes Park and Elliott Heads.
Cania Gorge National Park, Deepwater National Park, Eurimbula National Park and Kinkuna National Park, located in the Bundaberg region are popular with campers and bush-lovers.[102]
Tours of the Bundaberg Rum distillery and attractions at Bundaberg Botanic Gardens, such as the 2 ft narrow gauge[104] Australian Sugar Cane Railway, are also popular with tourists.[102] The Mystery Craters, 35 unexplained water-filled holes in the ground, discovered in 1971 at South Kolan, are also a tourist attraction.[105]
Opened in 2002 by the former member for Hinkler Paul Neville, the Tom Quinn Community Centre gardens (a multiple "Bundy in Bloom" winner) is a site to be seen with local flora and fauna, its own cafe, marketplace, chapel, green house, training facilities, woodwork and indigenous nature section.[106]
Opened in December 2008, the Hinkler Hall of Aviation is an historical aviation tourist attraction that celebrates pioneer solo aviator Bert Hinkler. In 1928, Hinkler was the first person to fly solo from England to Australia.[107] The museum includes an exhibition hall, featuring multi-media exhibits, a flight simulator, a theatre, five aircraft and the historic Hinkler House.
Other local attractions and events include the Whaling Wall, East Bundaberg Water Tower, Baldwin Swamp Environmental Park, Alexandra Park Zoo, Buss Park, Barrell House, Bundy in Bloom, Whale watching, reef tours of Lady Musgrave & Lady Elliiot islands, the Bundaberg Show, Bundaberg & Childers Regional Art Galleries, the Bundaberg Gliding school, Fishing Charters, the Bundaberg International Air Show, and the Woongarra Marine Park.
Bundaberg has ghost tours.[108][109]
Museums and galleries
[edit]
The Bundaberg region contains a variety of museums and art galleries that showcase the region's history and culture.[110]
Hinkler Hall of Aviation
Hinkler House
Fairymead House and Sugar History Museum
BRAG, the Bundaberg Regional Art Gallery
CHARTS, the Childers Art Space
Bundaberg and District Historical Museum
Bundaberg Railway Museum
Bundaberg Rum Distillery Tours[111]
Bundaberg Botanic Gardens containing the 'Hinkler Hall of Aviation', 'Hinkler House', 'Fairymead House' and the 'Bundaberg Steam Tramway Preservation Inc.'
Mystery Craters in South Kolan
Schmeider's Cooperage (Bundy Kegs)
Bundaberg Ginger Beer
South Kolan Mystery CratersBundaberg Rum Factory, Bundaberg
Memorials
[edit]
Bundaberg War Memorial
Hinkler Memorial
Culture
[edit]
Arts and entertainment
[edit]
Bundaberg has two cinemas. The Reading Cinemas, on Johanna Boulevarde, west Bundaberg, and the Moncrieff Entertainment Centre (formerly known as the Moncrieff Theatre), located on Bourbong Street, central Bundaberg. The Moncrieff Entertainment Centre also holds live musical and theatrical performances year round.[112]
The Bundaberg Regional Art Gallery (BRAG) is a large multi-purpose visual arts facility located in central Bundaberg.[113] The Bundaberg Regional Council operates a public library at 49 Woondooma Street.[114]
Media
[edit]
The NewsMail newspaper is published in Bundaberg from Monday to Saturday. It is available in print and online.[115]
Several community newspapers are also available including the Guardian,[116] The Bugle[117] & the Bundaberg Coastline[118]
ABC Local Radio: Wide Bay 855 AM/100.1 FM – due to the terrain of the area, both AM and FM frequencies are used.
4BU 1332 AM (commercial) – owned by Grant Broadcasters
Triple M 93.1 (commercial) – part of the Triple M Network, owned by Southern Cross Media Group .
Hitz FM 93.9 (commercial) – owned by ARN
Breeze 102.5 (commercial) Wide Bay
Rebel 106.7 (commercial) Wide Bay
4BCR 94.7 FM (community)
4DoubleB 96.3 FM (community)
Kix Country 97.1 FM (narrowcast) – owned by Grant Broadcasters
RadioTAB 95.5 FM (narrowcast) – owned by Tatts Group
ABC Classic FM 98.5 FM
Triple J 99.3 FM
ABC Radio National 100.9 FM
Bundaberg is served by three commercial television stations (Seven Queensland, WIN Television and 10) and publicly owned services (ABC TV) and (SBS).
Local news coverage of Bundaberg and the Wide Bay is provided on all three commercial networks with both Seven News and WIN Queensland's WIN News half-hour bulletins airing at 5:30 each weeknight. Southern Cross Austereo also airs brief local news & weather updates at various intervals throughout the day on Channel 10.
Popular culture
[edit]
The city has featured in several films:
The Delinquents (1989), starring Kylie Minogue, which was set in Bundaberg, but partly shot in Brisbane[citation needed]
The Mango Tree (1977)[citation needed]
Talking Back at Thunder (2014), starring Steven Tandy[citation needed]
Flathead (2024), a docufiction film directed by Jaydon Martin[119][120][121]
Sport
[edit]
Mitchell Langerak, former Bundaberg footballer, who is now playing for Nagoya Grampus in the J1 League
Most major Australian sporting codes are played in Bundaberg.
Australian rules
[edit]
Bundaberg has two current clubs playing in the AFL Wide Bay competition.
Across The Waves Bundaberg Eagles (merger of North Bundaberg and Souths/ATW Magpies)
Brothers Bulldogs (formerly West Bundaberg)
Basketball
[edit]
Bundaberg has two professional teams competing in the ConocoPhillips Central Queensland Cup. They are the Bundaberg Autobarn Bulls (men) and Bundaberg Bears (women) and both feature local players.
Rowing
[edit]
Bucca Weir, west of Bundaberg, is an eight lane rowing course home to Bundaberg Rowing Club. It hosts the Queensland School's Championship Regatta each year in September, as well as numerous local regattas.[122]
Rugby league
[edit]
The Bundaberg Rugby Football League is a nine-club competition run under the Queensland Rugby League's Central Division. Bundaberg competes in the Central Division's 47th Battalion Shield and the Bundaberg Grizzlies formerly competed in the Queensland Cup statewide competition.
Soccer
[edit]
The Bundaberg Soccer Football Association was formed at the Grand Hotel on 1 May 1923.[123] In 2023 Bundaberg Football will celebrate the centenary of formation of the Association, however there's evidence that soccer football has been played in Bundaberg and surrounding districts since at least the 1890's.[124][125]
Bundaberg was home to the Bundaberg Spirit soccer club. They participated in the Queensland State League against other teams across Queensland.
Tennis
[edit]
The Bundaberg & District Tennis Senior Association operates eleven floodlit clay courts in Drinan Park, Bundaberg West at the corner of George & Powers Streets.[126] Competition tennis is played all year round. The Bundaberg & District Junior Tennis Association operates five artificial grass courts, and two granite courts.
Croquet
[edit]
Bundaberg Croquet Club is the oldest Croquet club in Australia.[127]
Community groups
[edit]
The Bundaberg branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at the QCWA Hall at 15 Quay Street, Bundaberg Central.[128] The Hinkler branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at the McDonalds Central Bundaberg on the corner of Woongarra & Targo Street, Bundaberg Central.[128]
Education
[edit]
There are many public and private primary schools in Bundaberg. Bundaberg South State School opened on 11 May 1891, with an enrollment of 167 students and under the direction of William Benbow.[129][130] The school celebrated its 125-year anniversary in 2016.[130]
Bundaberg has three public high schools, Bundaberg North State High School which opened on 29 January 1974,[131][129] Bundaberg State High School which opened on 30 January 1912[132][129] (the second-oldest high school in Queensland that is still open)[129] and Kepnock State High School which opened on 28 January 1964.[129][133] There are also three main private secondary schools: Shalom Catholic College, St Luke's Anglican School, and Bundaberg Christian College.
There is a campus of the Wide Bay Institute of Technical and further education on Walker St and a campus of the Central Queensland University, located adjacent to the airport. There is a campus of the Booth College at the Salvation Army's Tom Quinn Community Centre.[134]
Transport
[edit]
View of Bundaberg town centre from the Burnett River bridge.
Bundaberg Airport has flights to Brisbane and Lady Elliot Island. The city is home to the Jabiru Aircraft Company, which designs and manufactures a range of small civil utility aircraft.
Bundaberg's bus operator is Duffy's City Buses. As of 2013, they transport over 1000 passengers in town services, and over 2000 passengers in school services every day.[135] Routes extend to the beach suburbs of Burnett Heads, Bargara, and Innes Park. Stewart & Sons also operates bus services in the area.[136]
Main article: Bundaberg railway station
Bundaberg is serviced by several Queensland Rail passenger trains, including the Tilt Train and is approximately four and a half hours north of Brisbane by rail. The closed North Bundaberg station formerly served the Mount Perry railway line and is now a museum.
South of Bundaberg at 24°56'43"S 152°22'5"E, there is one of the weirdest crossings of two railway lines, as there criosses a narrow gauge railway line of a sugar plantage a normal gauge railway on a drawbridge [1].
Bundaberg is situated at the end of the Isis Highway (State Route 3), approximately 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of its junction with the Bruce Highway. Many long-distance bus services also pass through the city.
Bundaberg Port is located 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of the city, at the mouth of the Burnett River. The port is a destination for ships from Australia and overseas. It is predominantly used for shipping raw sugar and other goods related to that industry such as Bundaberg Rum.
Health
[edit]
Bundaberg is served by three hospitals. One public hospital, Bundaberg Base Hospital on Bourbong St, and two private hospitals, Friendly Society Private Hospital & Mater Hospital.
The Friendly Society Hospital has undergone a redevelopment and forms part of the GP Super Clinic Program.[137]
Bundaberg is also home to the Royal Flying Doctor Service, who regularly transport patients to Bundaberg from more rural and remote areas, as well as transferring critically ill patients to Brisbane for specialist care.
Military
[edit]
Bundaberg houses two military bases. Bundaberg Army Barracks and Training Ship (TS) Bundaberg. Bundaberg barracks contains mostly infantrymen and army cadets. TS Bundaberg houses mostly Cadet staff and Navy Cadets.
Sister cities
[edit]
The city council responsible for the Bundaberg Region maintains Sister City arrangements with two cities.[138]
City
Since
Nanning, China
12 May 1998
Settsu, Japan
9 November 1998
People
[edit]
Notable residents
[edit]
Bert Hinkler is memorialised in many places throughout BundabergMal Meninga is an inductee of the Australian Rugby League Hall of Fame
Mason Barbera, racing driver
Clint Bolton, association football player, Socceroo, 2 time A-League championship winning player
Joshua Brillante, Australian soccer player
David Carter, tennis player
Wayne Coles-Janess, producer and director, documentary and feature films
Allan Davis, Road racing cyclist, 2009 Tour Down Under Winner
Troy Elder, field hockey player
Steve Goodall, cyclist, 1978 Commonwealth Games Bronze Medalist, 1976 Olympian
Noel Hazzard, rugby league footballer
Coen Hess, rugby league footballer
Bert Hinkler, pioneer aviator
Antonio Kaufusi, rugby league footballer
Felise Kaufusi, rugby league footballer
Olivia Knight, Irish-Australian poet, essayist, translator and teacher
Mitchell Langerak, association football player, A-League championship winning player
Rosemary Lassig, Olympic swimmer
David Surrey Littlemore, architect
Ben Marschke, rugby league footballer
Jesse Marschke, rugby league footballer
Errol McCormack, retired Chief of Air Force (1998–2001), Officer of the Order of Australia (1998)
Rheed McCracken, 2012 Summer Paralympics, won a silver and bronze medal
Sarah McLellan, dancer and entertainer, lead singer of the group Lez Zeppelin and blogger of "The Aussie who ate the Big Apple" currently living in New York
Mal Meninga, rugby league footballer and coach
Tom Miles, professional athlete/sprinter, winner 1927 Stawell Gift, 1928 World Champion
Gladys Moncrieff, singer
Clinton Moore, freestyle motocross rider
Vance Palmer, writer
Jayant Patel, the alleged "Doctor Death" of the Bundaberg Base Hospital
Ian Quinn, Golden Guitar winner & singer/songwriter
Tony Rea, rugby league footballer and coach
Chris Sarra, 2004 Queenslander of the Year
Donald Smith, operatic tenor
Michelle Steele, Winter Olympian at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Don Tallon, Australian cricketer
Keith Thiele, World War II Pilot (awarded DSO, DFC & 2 medal bars)
Tommy Trash, ARIA and Grammy nominated Australian DJ & Producer
Shane Tichowitsch, darts player
Representatives
[edit]
Current
Tom Smith, (Labor), State member for Bundaberg
Keith Pitt (Liberal National Party of Queensland), Federal member for Hinkler
Former
Prime Ministers Andrew Fisher and Frank Forde both represented Federal electorates that included Bundaberg, though neither was originally from the area.
Notes
[edit]
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^"Bundaberg – population centre in the Bundaberg Region (entry 5190)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
^"Map of Burnett River, QLD". Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia. Archived from the original on 15 December 2019. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
^"First Nations Bailai, Gurang, Gooreng Gooreng, Taribelang Bunda People Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC | PBC". nativetitle.org.au. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
^Dobbins, Claire. "First Nations Strategy 2022 - 2026". Bundaberg Regional Council. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
^ ab"Main Features - Different Definitions of Urban". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 9 October 2017. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
^Gay Nolan, Janette (February 1977). A History of Bundaberg, 1840-1920. UQ: University of Queensland. p. Chapter 5, Page 20.
^Gay Nolan, Janette (February 1977). A History of Bundaberg, 1840-1920. UQ: University of Queensland. p. Chapter 3, Page 69.
^Gay Nolan, Janette (February 1977). A History of Bundaberg, 1840-1920. UQ: University of Queensland. p. Chapter 6, Page 148.
^Gay Nolan, Janette (February 1977). A History of Bundaberg, 1840-1920. UQ: University of Queensland. p. Chapter 9, Page 1.
^Kroeger, Brooke (31 August 2012). Undercover Reporting: The Truth About Deception. Northwestern University Press. p. 33. ISBN 9780810163515. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
^Tracey Flanagan, Meredith Wilkie, and Susanna Iuliano. "Australian South Sea Islanders: A Century of Race Discrimination under Australian Law" Archived 14 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Australian Human Rights Commission.
^Gay Nolan, Janette (February 1977). A History of Bundaberg, 1840-1920. UQ: University of Queensland. p. Chapter 12, Page 292.
^Gay Nolan, Janette (February 1977). A History of Bundaberg, 1840-1920. UQ: University of Queensland. p. Chapter 12, Page 300.
^"Thousands isolated as flood threat continues". ABC News. 30 January 2013. Archived from the original on 30 January 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
^"Bundaberg Regional Council: Economic Profile". .id community. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
^"Bundaberg Rum Visitor Experience". ABC News. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
^"Sugar, slaves and stone walls". ABC News. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
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^Rackemann (1992), Bundaberg, p. 48
^"MEETINGS". The Brisbane Courier. Vol. LI, no. 11, 556. Queensland, Australia. 28 January 1895. p. 3. Archived from the original on 25 March 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
^Haydon, Cam. "Aboriginal heritage". Discover Bundaberg. Archived from the original on 15 March 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
^"National Native Title Register Details". www.nntt.gov.au. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
^Dobbins, Claire. "First Nations Strategy 2022 - 2026". Bundaberg Regional Council. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
^Petrie, C.C. "Tom Petrie's Reminiscences of Early Queensland". archive.org. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
^"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 28 May 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^"Christ Church, Bundaberg" (PDF). Bundaberg Regional Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
^"CLARENCE RIVER HISTORICAL SOCIETY". Daily Examiner. Vol. 28, no. 8999. New South Wales, Australia. 5 June 1937. p. 8. Archived from the original on 25 March 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
^Laurie, Arthur (1 January 1952), Early Gin Gin and the Blaxland tragedy, Royal Historical Society of Queensland, archived from the original on 25 March 2021, retrieved 23 April 2020
^ abcdNolan, Janette Gay (1 January 1978), A history of Bundaberg, 1840-1920, The University of Queensland, School of History, Philosophy, Religion, and Classics, archived from the original on 25 March 2021, retrieved 23 April 2020
^"EARLY BUNDABERG". The Bundaberg Mail. Queensland, Australia. 4 April 1925. p. 8. Archived from the original on 25 March 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2020 – via Trove.
^ abcd"History of Bundaberg". Bundaberg Regional Council. Archived from the original on 17 February 2011. Retrieved 21 September 2010.
^"History of Bundaberg". Bundaberg Regional Council. Archived from the original on 15 February 2014. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
^Kerr, John (1998). "Report on Site Visits" (PDF): 298. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 26 December 2013. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^"Bundaberg". Archived from the original on 14 May 2016.
^Bundaberg – From Pioneers to Prosperity. (1992) Neville Rackemann. p46 ISBN 0-646-12555-9
^"GOVERNMENT LAND SALE". Maryborough Chronicle, Wide Bay and Burnett Advertiser. Queensland, Australia. 12 May 1870. p. 2. Archived from the original on 25 March 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2020 – via Trove.
^"THE QUEENSLAND, STEAMER, AT BUNDABERG". Maryborough Chronicle, Wide Bay and Burnett Advertiser. Queensland, Australia. 12 March 1872. p. 2. Archived from the original on 25 March 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2020 – via Trove.
^ abHall, James; Dening, Jill (1988). Beautiful Sugar Country. West End, Queensland: Child & Associates Publishing. p. 2. ISBN 0-949267-86-4.
^"MILLAQUIN REFINERY". Maryborough Chronicle, Wide Bay and Burnett Advertiser. Queensland, Australia. 20 October 1882. p. 2. Archived from the original on 25 March 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2020 – via Trove.
^"SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE". Maryborough Chronicle, Wide Bay and Burnett Advertiser. Queensland, Australia. 16 January 1872. p. 2. Archived from the original on 25 March 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2020 – via Trove.
^"THE CHARGE OF KIDNAPPING ON BOARD THE PETREL". The Brisbane Courier. Queensland, Australia. 27 January 1872. p. 5. Archived from the original on 25 March 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2020 – via Trove.
^"Schooner Lochiel". The Telegraph. Queensland, Australia. 20 September 1900. p. 7. Archived from the original on 25 March 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2020 – via Trove.
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Further reading
[edit]
Hopton, Merv, and Thomas Dexter. Bundaberg’s Early Days Articles by Thomas Dexter. 1933. State Library of Queensland
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bundaberg, Queensland.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Bundaberg.
Bundaberg, University of Queensland
"The Districts of Queensland (15)". Queensland Country Life. 1 December 1901. p. 9. Retrieved 14 November 2015 – via National Library of Australia. — A description of Bundaberg in 1901
Album of Bundaberg Views ca. 1894, State Library of Queensland
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Towns, suburbs and localities in the Bundaberg Region, Queensland
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Apple Tree Creek
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Coonarr
Cordalba
Dalga
Dalysford
Damascus
Delan
Doolbi
Doughboy
Drinan
Duingal
Electra
Elliott
Eureka
Fairymead
Farnsfield
Gaeta
Gin Gin
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Good Night
Goodwood
Gregory River
Horse Camp
Horton
Innes Park
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Isis River
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Skyring Reserve
South Bingera
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South Kolan
St Agnes
St Kilda
Takilberan
Tirroan
Walkers Point
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Watalgan
Waterloo
Welcome Creek
Windermere
Winfield
Wonbah
Wonbah Forest
Woodgate
Woodgate Beach
Yandaran
Main Article: Local government areas of Queensland
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