By the time the buses left Sheikh Zayed Road and the city's glass and steel gave way to the whispering dunes, our team had fallen quiet.
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Phones slid into pockets. The night was still blue-black, pricked by a last handful of stars. A kettle hissed in the desert camp, and someone from operations passed around paper cups of cardamom coffee. We had come for a Hot air balloon Dubai corporate experience-words that sounded like a brochure on my calendar invite. What we found at the edge of the sand felt more like a reset button.
There is a particular kind of anticipation in the half-light before a balloon flight. The envelopes, spread like sleeping giants across the sand, slowly inhale fire and rise from their sides to standing, a transformation both gentle and enormous. Our pilot-a woman with laugh lines etched by countless sunrises-gathered us in. She spoke not of thrills, but of wind patterns, weight distribution, and listening to instructions when the burners roared or during landing. Her language was the language of competence, and everyone leaned in, even Rina from finance, usually skeptical of anything billed as “team-building.”
Lift-off is strangely undramatic. One moment the wicker rim kisses your thighs; the next, your shoes are six, then sixty, then six hundred feet above the orange scratchings of fox tracks. Dubai unfurled to the west like a mirage-the finger of the Burj Khalifa catching first light-while the desert below turned satin. We drifted. Burners sighed; conversation became a hush. Hot air balloon Dubai memorable experience A pair of oryx moved like pale commas across the dunes. A camel caravan traced a diagonal line far below, its shadows taller than the animals themselves.
It is difficult to be ironic in a hot air balloon. Elevation strips away something-defensiveness, perhaps, or the casual cynicism we mistake for maturity in offices. You can watch it happen: colleagues who arrived with folded arms begin pointing out cloud formations; the quietest engineer becomes a raconteur when a falconer releases a bird that arcs alongside us, the feathered blur keeping our pace for a half-minute of astonishment. It's not that a balloon rewrites personalities. It just shifts the terms of engagement. Gravity is still in charge, but the wind gets a vote, and so does the pilot, and so do we as we brace and lean when asked.
For a corporate group, the metaphors are almost too on the nose. Yet they land because they are embodied. Hot air balloon Dubai special requests . We had started with a briefing on weather windows and go/no-go decisions-risk management dressed in coffee breath and headlamps. In the air we felt how a small change upwind alters everything downwind, how clear roles and trust compress complexity into grace. There is no midair “pivot to a new strategy” without prework; there is instead a practiced choreography between pilot, crew, and passengers. When we touched down, skidding gently then bumping once, twice, and coming to rest, a cheer went up that belonged to all of us. The spreadsheet showing engagement scores cannot record the way Ahmed from logistics wordlessly offered a steadying elbow to a VP climbing out, or the way two teammates who disagreed for months on a procurement timeline were suddenly arguing only about which desert jam was better at breakfast.
Because yes, the experience doesn't end with the landing. A convoy carried us to a Bedouin-style camp where a cook cracked eggs into a pan and the smell of saj bread mingled with the sweet of dates. A conservation guide spoke about the fragile ecology of the dunes and the work behind reintroducing native species. For our multinational crowd, this mattered. Dubai's brand is futurist, but its heart stretches deeper into the sand than most visitors realize.
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Linking our morning to that story-a demonstration of falconry as heritage, a short talk on why the first flight happens at dawn, how thermals work-rooted the spectacle in place and purpose. As an experience designer might say, context converts novelty into meaning.
The corporate dividends are both soft and sharp. On the soft side: shared awe is a social accelerant. People trade phone photos, then stories, then favors back at the office. The memory of watching the sun pour over the Hajar Mountains is sticky; it shows up months later as a shorthand when you need cooperation across departments. On the sharp side: a well-run Hot air balloon Dubai corporate experience is a masterclass in operations. It demonstrates safety culture without preaching, because you see how redundancies and checklists create the space for joy.
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It reveals the cost of cancellations-yes, sometimes weather is a hard no-and the integrity of standing by them. Hot air balloon Dubai calming journey It also offers a canvas for customization: subtle branding on the baskets, a pre-flight welcome that includes your values, a debrief facilitated by a coach who maps what just happened in the sky to how your team navigates uncertainty on the ground.
There are practicalities you learn to respect. Ballooning around Dubai is seasonal; the finest conditions live between autumn and spring, and flights almost always launch before sunrise to catch cool, stable air. Hot air balloon Dubai once in lifetime That means a wake-up call that will test your team's relationship with coffee. Capacity is flexible-a single balloon might hold a dozen to two dozen people, and fleets can scale to triple digits-but it requires advance planning, especially if you want your whole group in the same dawn light. Safety comes first and last; reputable operators are licensed and audited, and there are firm restrictions on who should fly. Pregnant guests and those with certain back or neck conditions are generally advised to skip the airborne portion, and you need to plan inclusivity into your itinerary-a tethered balloon on-site later that day, perhaps, or reserved roles in the ground crew demonstration so no one feels sidelined.
Weather is a character in the story. Even in Dubai, with its promise of blue skies, winds can misbehave, and flights are sometimes postponed at the last minute. The most graceful corporate programs assume this from the start. They build Plan B: a sunrise wildlife drive, a leadership workshop in the desert tent while the burners stay grounded, a breakfast that becomes the main event with a live storyteller weaving the region's history into your company's work. When you don't treat contingency as failure, your team learns a deeper lesson than any slide deck could offer.
There is also the question of footprint. Balloons sip propane and leave little behind on the sand, but sustainability is not a checkbox; it's a posture. Ask about offsets. Partner the experience with a give-back-a brief cleanup in the reserve, a donation to conservation, even a talk from a local NGO. When your employees see that delight and responsibility can fit in the same basket, your brand grows up a little in their eyes.
None of this would matter if the core moment weren't as good as it is: that hush at altitude, the breath everyone holds as the sun lifts and spreads a band of gold across the world. In a city where the default corporate experience often involves chandeliers or racetracks, a dawn balloon flight reminds teams that perspective doesn't come from higher floors but from stepping into unfamiliar air together. You learn to listen for cues beyond your own voice-the wind, the pilot, your teammate's hand on the rail. You set down where conditions allow, not where your calendar insisted, and then you make that landing-wherever it is-beautiful.
Weeks later, back under fluorescent lights, I caught myself looking up from a thorny email thread and recalling how quietly that great canvas responded to an inch of rope pulled by a ground crewman at dawn. Big systems move when small motions are aligned. That's not a slogan; it's a feeling in your forearms from holding a basket as it kisses the sand. If your company is seeking an experience that trades platitudes for proof, that reframes risk and reward in a way people can feel in their bones, then the desert east of Dubai, before the day has fully begun, is waiting. And in the space between the burner's roar and the morning's first birdsong, your team might find precisely the clarity it came for.
About Arabian oryx
Species of antelope
Arabian oryx
Male in Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve
Conservation status
Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1)[1]
CITES Appendix I [1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Artiodactyla
Family:
Bovidae
Subfamily:
Hippotraginae
Genus:
Oryx
Species:
O. leucoryx
Binomial name
Oryx leucoryx
(Pallas, 1777)
The Arabian oryx or white oryx (Oryx leucoryx) is a medium-sized antelope with a distinct shoulder bump, long, straight horns, and a tufted tail.[2] It is a bovid, and the smallest member of the genus Oryx, native to desert and steppe areas of the Arabian Peninsula. The Arabian oryx was extinct in the wild by the early 1970s, but was saved in zoos and private reserves, and was reintroduced into the wild starting in 1980.
In 1986, the Arabian oryx was classified as endangered on the IUCN Red List, and in 2011, it was the first animal to revert to vulnerable status after previously being listed as extinct in the wild. It is listed in CITES Appendix I. In 2016, populations were estimated at 1,220 individuals in the wild, including 850 mature individuals, and 6,000–7,000 in captivity worldwide.[1]
Etymology
[edit]
The taxonomic name Oryx leucoryx is from the Greek orux (gazelle or antelope) and leukos (white). The Arabian oryx is also called the white oryx in English, dishon in Hebrew,[3] and is known as maha, wudhaihi, baqar al-wahsh, and boosolah in Arabic.[4]
Taxonomy
[edit]
The name "oryx" was introduced by Peter Simon Pallas in 1767 for the common eland as Antilope oryx. He also scientifically described the Arabian oryx as Oryx leucoryx, giving its range as "Arabia, and perhaps Libya". In 1816, Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville subdivided the antelope group, adopted Oryx as a genus name, and changed the species name Antilope oryx to Oryx gazella. In 1826, Martin Lichtenstein confused matters by transferring the name Oryx leucoryx to the scimitar oryx, now Oryx dammah. The Zoological Society of London obtained the first living individual in Europe in 1857. Not realizing this might be the Oryx leucoryx of previous authors, John Edward Gray proposed calling it Oryx beatrix after Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom. Oldfield Thomas renamed the scimitar oryx as Oryx algazal in 1903 and gave the Arabian oryx its original name.[4]
Description
[edit]
In Yotvata Hai-Bar Nature Reserve in Israel
The Arabian oryx' coat is an almost luminous white, the undersides and legs are brown, and black stripes occur where the head meets the neck, on the forehead, on the nose, and going from the horn down across the eye to the mouth. Both sexes have long, straight or slightly curved, ringed horns which are 0.61–1.49 m (2–4.9 ft). It stands between 0.79 and 1.25 m (2.6 and 4.1 ft) tall at the shoulder and typically weighs between 220 to 460 lb (100 to 209 kg).[5][2]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]
Historically, the Arabian oryx probably ranged throughout most of the Middle East. In the early 1800s, they could still be found in the Sinai, Palestine, the Transjordan, much of Iraq, and most of the Arabian Peninsula. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, their range was pushed back towards Saudi Arabia, and by 1914, only a few survived outside that country. A few were reported in Jordan into the 1930s, but by the mid-1930s, the only remaining populations were in the Nafud Desert in northwestern Saudi Arabia and the Rub' al Khali in the south.[2]
In the 1930s, Arabian princes and oil company clerks started hunting Arabian oryxes with automobiles and rifles. Hunts grew in size, and some were reported to employ as many as 300 vehicles. By the middle of the 20th century, the northern population was effectively extinct.[2] The last Arabian oryx in the wild before reintroduction was reported in 1972.[6]
Arabian oryxes prefer to range in gravel deserts or hard sand, where their speed and endurance will protect them from most predators and hunters on foot. In the sand deserts in Saudi Arabia, they used to be found in the hard sand areas of the flats between the softer dunes and ridges.[2]
Arabian oryxes have been reintroduced to Oman, Saudi Arabia, Israel, the United Arab Emirates, Syria, and Jordan. A small population was introduced on Hawar Island, Bahrain, and large semi-managed populations at several sites in Qatar and the UAE. The total reintroduced population is now estimated to be around 1,000. This puts the Arabian oryx well over the threshold of 250 mature individuals needed to qualify for endangered status. However, the majority of the population is concentrated in Saudi Arabia.[1]
Behaviour and ecology
[edit]
The Arabian oryx rests during the heat of the day. A herd in Oman can range over 3,000 km2 (1,200 sq mi). Packs are of mixed sex and usually comprise between 2 and 15 induvials, though herds of up to 100 have been reported. Arabian oryxes are generally not aggressive toward one another, which allows herds to exist peacefully for some time.[7]
Feeding
[edit]
The diets of the Arabian oryx consist mainly of grasses, but it eats a large variety of vegetation, including buds, herbs, fruit, tubers and roots. Herds follow infrequent rains to eat the new plants that grow afterwards. They can go for several weeks without water.[7] In Oman, it primarily eats grasses of the genus Stipagrostis, flowers from Stipagrostis plants appeared highest in crude protein and water, while leaves seemed a better food source with other vegetation.[8]
Behavior
[edit]
When the Arabian oryx is not wandering its habitat or eating, it digs shallow depressions in the soft ground under shrubs or trees for resting. They can detect rainfall from a distance and follow in the direction of fresh plant growth. The number of individuals in a herd can vary greatly (up to 100 have been reported occasionally), but the average is 10 or fewer individuals.[9] Bachelor herds do not occur, and single territorial males are rare. Herds establish a straightforward hierarchy that involves all females and males above the age of about seven months.[10] Arabian oryxes tend to maintain visual contact with other herd members, with subordinate males taking positions between the main body of the herd and the outlying females. If separated, males will search areas where the herd last visited, settling into a solitary existence until the herd's return. Where water and grazing conditions permit, male Arabian oryxes establish territories. Bachelor males are solitary.[11] A dominance hierarchy is created within the herd by posturing displays, which avoid the danger of serious injury their long, sharp horns could potentially inflict. Males and females use their horns to defend the sparse territorial resources against interlopers.[12]
Adaptations for desert environments
[edit]
The Arabian oryx changes its physiology and behaviour at different times of the year to increase survival during times when food and water are in limited supply. During the summer, when droughts are common in the desert environments where it lives, the Arabian oryx will drastically reduce its minimal fasting metabolic rate by lying completely inactive beneath shade trees during the day and ranging over smaller areas at night to forage.[13] By letting its body temperature rise during the heat of the day, it uses less evaporative cooling and retains more body water, and at night, the cool night air lowers its temperature back to the normal range.[14] The oryx's arterial blood temperature is partly powered by a network of small arterial vessels with a large surface area called the rete mirabile, which branches from the two carotid arteries to the brain and allows for heat exchange between warm arterial blood and the cooler blood in the sinus cavities.[14] Because of these changes in behaviour and physiology, it was shown that Arabian oryx can reduce their urine volume, faecal water loss, and resting metabolic rate by at least 50%.[15]
The Arabian wolf is the Arabian oryx's only predator. In captivity and safe conditions in the wild, it has a maximum life span of up to 20 years.[11] In periods of drought, though, their life expectancy may be significantly reduced by malnutrition and dehydration. Other causes of death include fights between males, snakebites, disease, and drowning during floods.[16]
Importance to humans
[edit]
South Arabian fragment of a stela, depicts a reclining ibex and three Arabian oryx heads. The ibex was one of the most sacred animals in South Arabia, while the oryx antelope was associated with the god Attar, 5th century BC.
The Arabian oryx is the national animal of Jordan, Oman, the United Arab Emirates,[17] Bahrain, and Qatar.[18]
The Arabian oryx is also the namesake of several businesses on the Arabian peninsula, notably Al Maha Airways and Al Maha Petroleum.
In the King James Version of the Bible, the word re'em is translated as 'unicorn'. In Modern Hebrew, the name re'em lavan, meaning white oryx, is used in error for the scimitar-horned oryxes living in the sanctuary Yotvata Hai Bar near Eilat.[19] The scimitar oryx is called re'em Sahara. The Arabian name ri'ïm is the equivalent of the Hebrew name re'em, also meaning white oryx, suggesting a borrowing from the Early Modern Era.
A Qatari oryx named "Orry" was chosen as the official games mascot for the 2006 Asian Games in Doha,[20] and is shown on tailfins of planes belonging to Middle Eastern airline Qatar Airways.
Unicorn myth
[edit]
The myth of the one-horned unicorn may be based on oryxes that have lost one horn. Aristotle and Pliny the Elder held that the oryx was the unicorn's "prototype".[21] From certain angles, the oryx may seem to have one horn rather than two,[22][23] and given that its horns are made from hollow bone that cannot be regrown, if an Arabian oryx were to lose one of its horns, for the rest of its life, it would have only one.[21]
Another source for the concept may have originated from the translation of the Hebrew word re'em into Greek as μονόκερως, monokeros, in the Septuagint.[24] In Psalm 22:21, the word karen, meaning horn, is written in singular. The Roman Catholic Vulgata and the Douay-Rheims Bible translated re'em as rhinoceros; other translations are names for a wild bull, wild oxen, buffalo, or gaur, but in some languages, a word for unicorn is maintained. The Arabic translation alrim is the correct choice etymologically, meaning 'white oryx'.[25]
Conservation
[edit]
Main article: Arabian oryx reintroduction
Arabian oryx in Al Ain Zoo
The Phoenix Zoo and the Fauna and Flora Preservation Society of London (now Fauna and Flora International), with financial help from the World Wildlife Fund, are credited with saving the Arabian oryx from extinction. In 1962, these groups started the first captive-breeding herd in any zoo, at the Phoenix Zoo, sometimes referred to as "Operation Oryx".[26][27] Starting with nine animals, the Phoenix Zoo has had over 240 successful births. From Phoenix, Arabian oryxes were sent to other zoos and parks to start new herds.
In 1968, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan of Abu Dhabi, out of concern for the land's wildlife, particularly ungulates such as the Arabian oryx, founded the Al Ain Zoo to conserve them.[28]
Arabian oryxes were hunted to extinction in the wild by 1972. By 1980, the number of Arabian oryxes in captivity had increased to the point that Arabian oryx reintroduction was started. The first release, to Oman, was attempted with Arabian oryxes from the San Diego Wild Animal Park.[6] Although numbers in Oman have declined, there are now wild populations in Saudi Arabia and Israel,[29][30] as well. One of the largest populations is found in Mahazat as-Sayd Protected Area, a large, fenced reserve in Saudi Arabia, covering more than 2,000 km2 (770 sq mi).[1]
On June 28, 2007, Oman's Arabian Oryx Sanctuary was the first site ever to be removed from the UNESCO World Heritage List. UNESCO's reason for this was the Omani government's decision to open 90% of the site to oil prospecting. The Arabian oryx population on the site has been reduced from 450 in 1996 to only 65 in 2007. At that time, there were fewer than four breeding pairs left on the site.[31][needs update]
In June 2011, the Arabian oryx was relisted as vulnerable by the IUCN Red List. The IUCN estimated there were more than 1,200 Arabian oryx in the wild as of 4 December 2020[update] 2016, with 6,000–7,000 held in captivity worldwide in zoos, preserves, and private collections. Some of these are in large, fenced enclosures (free-roaming), including those in Syria (Al Talila), Bahrain, Qatar, and the UAE.[1] This is the first time the IUCN has reclassified a species as vulnerable after it had been listed as extinct in the wild.[32] The Arabian oryx is also listed in CITES Appendix I.[1]
References
[edit]
^ abcdefg
IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Oryx leucoryx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T15569A50191626. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T15569A50191626.en. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
^ abcdeTalbot, L. M. (1960). A Look at Threatened Species. The Fauna Preservation Society. pp. 84–91.
^Slifkin, Nathan, The Torah encyclopedia of the Animal kingdom, vol.1, OU Press, New York, 2015, pp.272-275
^ ab"Conservation Programme for Arabian Oryx: Taxonomy & description". National Wildlife Research Center. 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-09-04. Retrieved 2009-11-15.
^"Oryx". Animals & Plants. San Diego Zoo. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
^ abStanley-Price, Mark (July–August 1982). "The Yalooni Transfer". Saudi Aramco World. Archived from the original on 2011-06-10. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
^ abMassicot, P. (2007). "Arabian Oryx". Animal Info. Archived from the original on 25 January 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-11.
^Spalton, J. A. (1999). "The food supply of Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) in the desert of Oman". Journal of Zoology. 248 (4): 433–441. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01043.x.
^Leu, H. (2001) "Oryx leucoryx" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
^How to go wild. New Scientist (1989-10-28). Retrieved on 2013-01-01.
^ ab"Arabian Oryx". The Phoenix Zoo. Archived from the original on 15 February 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-27.
^BBC (2012-04-27). Science & Nature – Wildfacts – Arabian oryx. Retrieved on 2013-01-01.
^Williams, J. B.; Ostrowski, S.; Bedin, E.; Ismail, K. (2001). "Seasonal variation in energy expenditure, water flux and food consumption of Arabian oryx Oryx leucoryx". Journal of Experimental Biology. 204 (13): 2301–2311. Bibcode:2001JExpB.204.2301W. doi:10.1242/jeb.204.13.2301. PMID 11507113.
^ ab"Animals at the extremes: The desert environment". June 10, 2019. Archived from the original on 2017-01-05. Retrieved November 8, 2021.
^Ostrowski, S.; Williams, J. B.; Mésochina, P.; Sauerwein, H. (2005). "Physiological acclimation of a desert antelope, Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx), to long-term food and water restriction". Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 176 (3): 191–201. doi:10.1007/s00360-005-0040-0. PMID 16283332. S2CID 14680361.
^"The Oryx Facts". The Arabian Oryx Project. Archived from the original on 12 January 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-27.
^"The UAE National Symbols..." TEACH United Arab Emirates. 2 (2). Jess Jumeira School. Nov–Dec 2014.
^Orr, Tamra (30 June 2008). Qatar. Marshall Cavendish. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-7614-2566-3. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
^The Arabian Oryx Project – Timeline. oryxoman.com
^Phoenix Zoo Species Survival Plan Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine. Phoenixzoo.org (2006-01-03). Retrieved on 2013-01-01.
^"History". Al Ain Zoo. 15 October 2017. Retrieved 2019-03-18.
^Saltz, D. (1998). "A long-term systematic approach to planning reintroductions: the Persian fallow deer and the Arabian oryx in Israel". Animal Conservation. 1 (4): 245. Bibcode:1998AnCon...1..245S. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1795.1998.tb00035.x. S2CID 85943063.
^Gilad, O.; Grant, W.E. & Saltz, D. (2008). "Simulated dynamics of Arabian Oryx (Oryx leucoryx) in the Israeli Negev: Effects of migration corridors and post-reintroduction changes in natality on population viability". Ecological Modelling. 210 (1–2): 169. Bibcode:2008EcMod.210..169G. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.07.015.
^"Oman's Arabian Oryx Sanctuary: first site ever to be deleted from UNESCO's World Heritage List". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 18 January 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-16.
^Platt, John (17 June 2011). "Arabian Oryx Makes History as First Species to Be Upgraded from "Extinct in the Wild" to "Vulnerable"". scientificamerican.com. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
Further reading
[edit]
Silverberg, Robert (1967). The Auk, the Dodo, and the Oryx: Vanished and Vanishing Creatures. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company. LCCN 67002554. L.C. Card AC 67-10476.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Oryx leucoryx (category)
Wikispecies has information related to Oryx leucoryx.
Images and movies of the Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) at Arkive
Living Desert article
Arabian Oryx at Al Wabra Wildlife Preserve
Oryx leucoryx on Animal Diversity Web
Oryx leucoryx on Mammal Species of the World
v
t
e
Extant Artiodactyla species
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Infraclass: Eutheria
Superorder: Laurasiatheria
Suborder Ruminantia
Antilocapridae
Antilocapra
Pronghorn (A. americana)
Giraffidae
Okapia
Okapi (O. johnstoni)
Giraffa
Northern giraffe (G. camelopardalis)
Southern giraffe (G. giraffa)
Reticulated giraffe (G. reticulata)
Masai giraffe (G. tippelskirchi)
Moschidae
Moschus
Anhui musk deer (M. anhuiensis)
Dwarf musk deer (M. berezovskii)
Alpine musk deer (M. chrysogaster)
Kashmir musk deer (M. cupreus)
Black musk deer (M. fuscus)
Himalayan musk deer (M. leucogaster)
Siberian musk deer (M. moschiferus)
Tragulidae
Hyemoschus
Water chevrotain (H. aquaticus)
Moschiola
Indian spotted chevrotain (M. indica)
Yellow-striped chevrotain (M. kathygre)
Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (M. meminna)
Tragulus
Java mouse-deer (T. javanicus)
Lesser mouse-deer (T. kanchil)
Greater mouse-deer (T. napu)
Philippine mouse-deer (T. nigricans)
Vietnam mouse-deer (T. versicolor)
Williamson's mouse-deer (T. williamsoni)
Cervidae
Large family listed below
Bovidae
Large family listed below
Family Cervidae
Cervinae
Muntiacus
Bornean yellow muntjac (M. atherodes)
Hairy-fronted muntjac (M. crinifrons)
Fea's muntjac (M. feae)
Gongshan muntjac (M. gongshanensis)
Sumatran muntjac (M. montanus)
Southern red muntjac (M. muntjak)
Pu Hoat muntjac (M. puhoatensis)
Leaf muntjac (M. putaoensis)
Reeves's muntjac (M. reevesi)
Roosevelt's muntjac (M. rooseveltorum)
Truong Son muntjac (M. truongsonensis)
Northern red muntjac (M. vaginalis)
Giant muntjac (M. vuquangensis)
Elaphodus
Tufted deer (E. cephalophus)
Dama
European fallow deer (D. dama)
Persian fallow deer (D. mesopotamica)
Axis
Chital (A. axis)
Calamian deer (A. calamianensis)
Bawean deer (A. kuhlii)
Hog deer (A. porcinus)
Rucervus
Barasingha (R. duvaucelii)
Eld's deer (R. eldii)
Elaphurus
Père David's deer (E. davidianus)
Rusa
Visayan spotted deer (R. alfredi)
Philippine sambar (R. mariannus)
Rusa deer (R. timorensis)
Sambar (R. unicolor)
Cervus
Thorold's deer (C. albirostris)
Red deer (C. elaphus)
Elk (C. canadensis)
Central Asian red deer (C. hanglu)
Sika deer (C. nippon)
Capreolinae
Alces
Moose (A. alces)
Hydropotes
Water deer (H. inermis)
Capreolus
European roe deer (C. capreolus)
Siberian roe deer (C. pygargus)
Rangifer
Reindeer (R. tarandus)
Hippocamelus
Taruca (H. antisensis)
South Andean deer (H. bisulcus)
Mazama
Red brocket (M. americana)
Small red brocket (M. bororo)
Merida brocket (M. bricenii)
Dwarf brocket (M. chunyi)
Pygmy brocket (M. nana)
Amazonian brown brocket (M. nemorivaga)
Little red brocket (M. rufina)
Central American red brocket (M. temama)
Ozotoceros
Pampas deer (O. bezoarticus)
Blastocerus
Marsh deer (B. dichotomus)
Pudu
Northern pudu (P. mephistophiles)?
Southern pudu (P. pudu)
Pudella
Peruvian Yungas pudu (P. carlae)
Northern pudu (P. mephistophiles)
Odocoileus
Mule deer (O. hemionus)
Yucatan brown brocket (O. pandora)
White-tailed deer (O. virginianus)
Subulo
Gray brocket (S. gouazoubira)
Family Bovidae
Hippotraginae
Hippotragus
Roan antelope (H. equinus)
Sable antelope (H. niger)
Oryx
East African oryx (O. beisa)
Scimitar oryx (O. dammah)
Gemsbok (O. gazella)
Arabian oryx (O. leucoryx)
Addax
Addax (A. nasomaculatus)
Reduncinae
Kobus
Waterbuck (K. ellipsiprymnus)
Kob (K. kob)
Lechwe (K. leche)
Nile lechwe (K. megaceros)
Puku (K. vardonii)
Redunca
Southern reedbuck (R. arundinum)
Mountain reedbuck (R. fulvorufula)
Bohor reedbuck (R. redunca)
Aepycerotinae
Aepyceros
Impala (A. melampus)
Peleinae
Pelea
Grey rhebok (P. capreolus)
Alcelaphinae
Beatragus
Hirola (B. hunteri)
Damaliscus
Common tsessebe (D. lunatus)
Bontebok (D. pygargus)
Alcelaphus
Hartebeest (A. buselaphus)
Connochaetes
Black wildebeest (C. gnou)
Blue wildebeest (C. taurinus)
Pantholopinae
Pantholops
Tibetan antelope (P. hodgsonii)
Caprinae
Large subfamily listed below
Bovinae
Large subfamily listed below
Antilopinae
Large subfamily listed below
Family Bovidae (subfamily Caprinae)
Ammotragus
Barbary sheep (A. lervia)
Arabitragus
Arabian tahr (A. jayakari)
Budorcas
Takin (B. taxicolor)
Capra
Wild goat (C. aegagrus)
West Caucasian tur (C. caucasia)
East Caucasian tur (C. cylindricornis)
Markhor (C. falconeri)
Domestic goat (C. hircus)
Alpine ibex (C. ibex)
Nubian ibex (C. nubiana)
Iberian ibex (C. pyrenaica)
Siberian ibex (C. sibirica)
Walia ibex (C. walie)
Capricornis
Japanese serow (C. crispus)
Red serow (C. rubidus)
Mainland serow (C. sumatraensis)
Taiwan serow (C. swinhoei)
Hemitragus
Himalayan tahr (H. jemlahicus)
Naemorhedus
Red goral (N. baileyi)
Long-tailed goral (N. caudatus)
Himalayan goral (N. goral)
Chinese goral (N. griseus)
Oreamnos
Mountain goat (O. americanus)
Ovibos
Muskox (O. moschatus)
Nilgiritragus
Nilgiri tahr (N. hylocrius)
Ovis
Argali (O. ammon)
Domestic sheep (O. aries)
Bighorn sheep (O. canadensis)
Dall sheep (O. dalli)
Mouflon (O. gmelini)
Snow sheep (O. nivicola)
Urial (O. vignei)
Pseudois
Bharal (P. nayaur)
Rupicapra
Pyrenean chamois (R. pyrenaica)
Chamois (R. rupicapra)
Family Bovidae (subfamily Bovinae)
Boselaphini
Tetracerus
Four-horned antelope (T. quadricornis)
Boselaphus
Nilgai (B. tragocamelus)
Bovini
Bubalus
Wild water buffalo (B. arnee)
Domestic water buffalo (B. bubalis)
Lowland anoa (B. depressicornis)
Tamaraw (B. mindorensis)
Mountain anoa (B. quarlesi)
Bos
American bison (B. bison)
European bison (B. bonasus)
Bali cattle (B. domesticus)
Gayal (B. frontalis)
Gaur (B. gaurus)
Domestic yak (B. grunniens)
Zebu (B. indicus)
Banteng (B. javanicus)
Wild yak (B. mutus)
Cattle (B. taurus)
Pseudoryx
Saola (P. nghetinhensis)
Syncerus
African buffalo (S. caffer)
Tragelaphini
Tragelaphus (including kudus)
Nyala (T. angasii)
Mountain nyala (T. buxtoni)
Bongo (T. eurycerus)
Lesser kudu (T. imberbis)
Harnessed bushbuck (T. scriptus)
Sitatunga (T. spekeii)
Greater kudu (T. strepsiceros)
Cape bushbuck (T. sylvaticus)
Taurotragus
Giant eland (T. derbianus)
Common eland (T. oryx)
Family Bovidae (subfamily Antilopinae)
Antilopini
Ammodorcas
Dibatag (A. clarkei)
Antidorcas
Springbok (A. marsupialis)
Antilope
Blackbuck (A. cervicapra)
Eudorcas
Mongalla gazelle (E. albonotata)
Red-fronted gazelle (E. rufifrons)
Thomson's gazelle (E. thomsonii)
Heuglin's gazelle (E. tilonura)
Gazella
Arabian gazelle (G. arabica)
Chinkara (G. bennettii)
Cuvier's gazelle (G. cuvieri)
Dorcas gazelle (G. dorcas)
Mountain gazelle (G. gazella)
Rhim gazelle (G. leptoceros)
Speke's gazelle (G. spekei)
Goitered gazelle (G. subgutturosa)
Litocranius
Gerenuk (L. walleri)
Nanger
Dama gazelle (N. dama)
Grant's gazelle (N. granti)
Bright's gazelle (N. notatus)
Peter's gazelle (N. petersii)
Soemmerring's gazelle (N. soemmerringii)
Procapra
Mongolian gazelle (P. gutturosa)
Goa (P. picticaudata)
Przewalski's gazelle (P. przewalskii)
Saigini
Saiga
Saiga antelope (S. tatarica)
Neotragini
Dorcatragus
Beira (D. megalotis)
Madoqua
Günther's dik-dik (M. guentheri)
Kirk's dik-dik (M. kirkii)
Silver dik-dik (M. piacentinii)
Salt's dik-dik (M. saltiana)
Neotragus
Royal antelope (N. pygmaeus)
Nesotragus
Bates' pygmy antelope (N. batesi)
Suni (N. moschatus)
Oreotragus
Klipspringer (O. oreotragus)
Ourebia
Oribi (O. ourebi)
Raphicerus
Steenbok (R. campestris)
Cape grysbok (R. melanotis)
Sharpe's grysbok (R. sharpei)
Cephalophini
Cephalophus
Aders's duiker (C. adersi)
Brooke's duiker (C. brookei)
Peters' duiker (C. callipygus)
White-legged duiker (C. crusalbum)
Bay duiker (C. dorsalis)
Harvey's duiker (C. harveyi)
Jentink's duiker (C. jentinki)
White-bellied duiker (C. leucogaster)
Red forest duiker (C. natalensis)
Black duiker (C. niger)
Black-fronted duiker (C. nigrifrons)
Ogilby's duiker (C. ogilbyi)
Ruwenzori duiker (C. rubidis)
Red-flanked duiker (C. rufilatus)
Yellow-backed duiker (C. silvicultor)
Abbott's duiker (C. spadix)
Weyns's duiker (C. weynsi)
Zebra duiker (C. zebra)
Philantomba
Blue duiker (P. monticola)
Maxwell's duiker (P. maxwellii)
Walter's duiker (P. walteri)
Sylvicapra
Common duiker (S. grimmia)
Suborder Suina
Suidae
Babyrousa
Buru babirusa (B. babyrussa)
North Sulawesi babirusa (B. celebensis)
Togian babirusa (B. togeanensis)
Hylochoerus
Giant forest hog (H. meinertzhageni)
Phacochoerus
Desert warthog (P. aethiopicus)
Common warthog (P. africanus)
Porcula
Pygmy hog (P. salvania)
Potamochoerus
Bushpig (P. larvatus)
Red river hog (P. porcus)
Sus
Palawan bearded pig (S. ahoenobarbus)
Bornean bearded pig (S. barbatus)
Visayan warty pig (S. cebifrons)
Celebes warty pig (S. celebensis)
Domestic pig (S. domesticus)
Flores warty pig (S. heureni)
Oliver's warty pig (S. oliveri)
Philippine warty pig (S. philippensis)
Wild boar (S. scrofa)
Timor warty pig (S. timoriensis)
Javan warty pig (S. verrucosus)
Tayassuidae
Tayassu
White-lipped peccary (T. pecari)
Catagonus
Chacoan peccary (C. wagneri)
Dicotyles
Collared peccary (D. tajacu)
Suborder Tylopoda
Camelidae
Lama
Llama (L. glama)
Guanaco (L. guanicoe)
Alpaca (L. pacos)
Vicuña (L. vicugna)
Camelus
Domestic Bactrian camel (C. bactrianus)
Dromedary/Arabian camel (C. dromedarius)
Wild Bactrian camel (C. ferus)
Suborder Whippomorpha
Hippopotamidae
Hippopotamus
Hippopotamus (H. amphibius)
Choeropsis
Pygmy hippopotamus (C. liberiensis)
Cetacea
see Cetacea
Taxon identifiers
Oryx leucoryx
Wikidata: Q237286
Wikispecies: Oryx leucoryx
ADW: Oryx_leucoryx
BioLib: 33673
BOLD: 462409
CoL: 7W6P2
ECOS: 767
EoL: 331080
EPPO: ORYXLE
GBIF: 5220164
iNaturalist: 42309
IRMNG: 10228200
ITIS: 625181
IUCN: 15569
MDD: 1006240
MSW: 14200958
NCBI: 39411
Observation.org: 86132
Open Tree of Life: 376064
Paleobiology Database: 149597
Species+: 4154
TSA: 12516
Xeno-canto: Oryx-leucoryx
Authority control databases: National
Israel
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