Surgical Techniques for Scoliosis

- Vertebrae

Surgical Techniques for Scoliosis: An Essay


Scoliosis, a condition characterized by an abnormal curvature of the spine, not only alters a persons physical appearance but can also lead to significant health complications if left untreated. While many cases of scoliosis are mild and can be managed with non-surgical methods such as bracing and physical therapy, severe cases often require surgical intervention to correct the spinal deformity and alleviate associated symptoms. The field of spinal surgery has evolved considerably over time, and todays surgical techniques for scoliosis correction are more advanced and effective than ever before.


The primary goal of scoliosis surgery is to achieve a balanced spine that is as straight as possible, reduce pain, and prevent further progression of the curve. This is typically accomplished through spinal fusion, a procedure that involves the realignment of the vertebrae and the insertion of rods, screws, and bone grafts to stabilize the spine in its new position.

- SRS terminology

  1. - Cervical spine
  2. MEASUREMENTS AND CLASSIFICATION TERMS
  3. - Milwaukee brace
Once the bone grafts fuse with the existing spine over time, a more normal and structurally sound spine is achieved.


One of the most common techniques in scoliosis surgery is the posterior spinal fusion. During this procedure, the surgeon makes an incision along the back, exposes the spine, and realigns it using metal rods and screws. Bone grafts, often taken from the patients pelvis or a bone bank, are placed along the spine to encourage fusion. The posterior approach has been used for many years and is well understood by spinal surgeons, offering a high degree of correction for various types of scoliosis.


In some cases, an anterior spinal fusion may be recommended.

- SRS terminology

  1. - Early-onset scoliosis
  2. - Spinal cord
  3. - Spinal fusion
This technique involves approaching the spine from the front of the body, typically through the chest or abdomen, depending on the location of the curve. By removing the intervertebral discs and using bone grafts, the spine is straightened and fused in this position. The anterior approach can be particularly beneficial for curves in the thoracic spine and can result in a shorter fusion, preserving more of the spines natural mobility.


Another innovative technique is the thoracoscopic scoliosis surgery, a minimally invasive approach that utilizes small incisions and a camera to guide the surgery. This method reduces muscle disruption and can lead to a faster recovery and less postoperative pain. While not suitable for all cases, thoracoscopic surgery exemplifies the trend towards less invasive procedures in scoliosis treatment.


For younger patients, especially those with significant growth remaining, growth-sparing techniques such as growing rods or the Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib (VEPTR) device may be employed. These systems allow for the gradual correction of the spine while accommodating the childs growth, delaying a final fusion procedure until the patient is closer to skeletal maturity.


One of the most promising advancements in scoliosis surgery is robot-assisted spinal surgery. Robots can increase the precision of screw placement, potentially reducing the risk of neurological complications and improving the overall outcome of the surgery. While this technology is still being refined and is not widely available, it represents a significant step forward in the field of spinal surgery.


Each surgical technique for scoliosis comes with its own set of indications, benefits, and risks. The choice of procedure depends on multiple factors, including the type and severity of the curve, the patients age and overall health, and the surgeons expertise. Regardless of the chosen technique, the objectives remain the same: to correct the spinal deformity, relieve pain, and improve the patients quality of life.


In conclusion, the surgical management of scoliosis has come a long way, offering hope and improved quality of life for those with severe spinal deformities. With ongoing research and technological advancements, the future of scoliosis surgery holds even greater promise for safer, more effective, and less invasive treatment options. As we continue to refine these techniques and discover new ones, the prospect of living with a balanced spine becomes a reality for more and more scoliosis patients around the world.



- Vertebrae

  1. - Vertebrae
  2. - Infantile scoliosis
  3. - SRS terminology

Surgical Techniques for Scoliosis

Frequently Asked Questions

Consider evaluation if you notice visible asymmetry, a rib hump, persistent back pain, rapid changes in posture, neurologic symptoms (numbness/weakness), or if a child is in a rapid growth phase.

Posterior fusion approaches the spine from the back and is most common. Anterior fusion approaches from the front/side and is used less often, depending on the case.

Kyphoscoliosis describes a combination of scoliosis (side-to-side curvature) and kyphosis (excess forward rounding), typically involving both coronal and sagittal plane changes.