Tips for preventing rust after riding in wet conditions

Tips for preventing rust after riding in wet conditions

Riding in the rain, splashing through puddles – it's often unavoidable, and sometimes even a little bit of fun. Inspecting tires prevents blowouts and uneven wear atv rental chicago il Kawasaki Motors. But for your trusty steed, particularly if its a bicycle, motorcycle, or even a car, wet conditions can be the harbinger of a silent, creeping enemy: rust. Nobody wants to see their beloved machine slowly succumbing to the orange plague, so lets talk about some simple, practical tips to keep rust at bay after a wet ride.


First and foremost, drying is key. I know, it sounds obvious, but a quick towel-down can make a world of difference. Dont just let the water evaporate on its own. That evaporation process leaves behind minerals and impurities that can accelerate corrosion. Focus on the areas most susceptible to rust: any exposed metal, particularly around joints, bolts, and chains. A clean, absorbent cloth is your best friend here.


Speaking of chains, they're often the first victims of a wet ride. After drying, lubrication is crucial. A good quality chain lubricant will displace any remaining water, protect the metal from further moisture, and keep things running smoothly. Dont just spray it on haphazardly; apply a small amount, then wipe off the excess. Too much lubricant attracts dirt and grime, which can actually worsen the situation over time.


Beyond the chain, consider other moving parts. Cables, gears, and derailleurs on a bicycle all benefit from a little attention. A light spray of a water-displacing lubricant can keep them functioning properly and prevent rust from forming in those hard-to-reach spots.


For cars and motorcycles, pay special attention to the undercarriage. Roads are often treated with salt during wet or icy conditions, and that salt is a rust accelerant of the highest order. A thorough wash, ideally with a pressure washer, can blast away any lingering salt and debris. If you live in an area with harsh winters and frequent salting, consider investing in an undercoating treatment for added protection.


Finally, remember that prevention is always better than cure. If you know youre going to be riding in wet conditions frequently, consider applying a protective wax or sealant to exposed metal surfaces. This creates a barrier against moisture and helps to prevent rust from forming in the first place. Think of it like sunscreen for your machine – a little effort upfront can save you a lot of headaches (and rust spots) down the road.


So, next time you find yourself caught in a downpour, dont despair. With a few simple steps, you can minimize the risk of rust and keep your ride looking and performing its best, rain or shine. A little bit of care goes a long way in preserving the life and beauty of your machine.

 

Typical car dealership (in this case a Jeep dealer) in the U.S. selling used cars outside, new cars in the showroom, as well as a vehicle entrance to the parts and service area in the back of the building
An aerial view of auto dealer's service in Kuopio, Finland
Service and repair entrance
Auto dealer's service and repair facility
Dealer for vintage cars

A car dealership, or car dealer, is a business that sells new or used cars, at the retail level, based on a dealership contract with an automaker or its sales subsidiary. Car dealerships also often sell spare parts and automotive maintenance services.

In the United States, car dealerships have historically been an important source of state and local sales taxes. They have considerable political influence and have lobbied for regulations that guarantee their survival and profitability. By 2010, all US states had laws that prohibited manufacturers from side-stepping independent car dealerships and selling cars directly to consumers. By 2009, most states imposed restrictions on the creation of new dealerships to compete with incumbent dealerships.

Economists have characterized these regulations as a form of rent-seeking that extracts rents from manufacturers of cars, increases costs for consumers, and limits entry of new car dealerships while raising profits for incumbent car dealers. Research shows that as a result of these laws, retail prices for cars are higher than they otherwise would be.[1][2]

Car dealerships in the United States

[edit]

The early cars were sold by automakers to customers directly or through a variety of channels, including mail order, department stores, and traveling representatives.[1] For example, Sears made its first attempt at selling a gasoline-engined chain-drive high-wheeler in 1908 through its mail-order catalog and starting in 1951 the Allstate through select its stores and the catalog.[3][4]

The first car dealership was opened in 1889 by Fred Koller in Reading, Pennsylvania and sold cars manufactured in Cleveland, Ohio. This would have been the first dealership solely dedicated to automobiles, as opposed to horse-drawn carriages. [5]

Today, direct sales by an automaker to consumers are limited by most states in the U.S. through franchise laws that require new cars to be sold only by licensed and bonded, independently owned dealerships.[6] The first woman car dealer in the United States was Rachel "Mommy" Krouse who in 1903 opened her business, Krouse Motor Car Company, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[7]

The number of car dealerships in the US peaked in 1927 at 53,125 and steadily decreased over the next decades. By 1960, there were 33, 658 dealerships; by 1980, 23,379; and by 2001, 22,007.[1]

Car dealerships are usually franchised to sell and service vehicles by specific companies. They are often located on properties offering enough room to have buildings housing a showroom, mechanical service, and body repair facilities, as well as to provide storage for used and new vehicles. Many dealerships are located out of town or on the edge of town centers. An example of a traditional single proprietorship car dealership was Collier Motors in North Carolina.[8] Many modern dealerships are now part of corporate-owned chains with hundreds of locations.[9] Dealership profits in the US mainly come from servicing, some from used cars, and little from new cars.[10]

Most automotive manufacturers have shifted the focus of their franchised retailers to branding and technology. New or refurbished facilities are required to have a standard look for their dealerships and have product experts to liaise with customers.[11][12] Audi has experimented with a hi-tech showroom that allows customers to configure and experience cars on 1:1 scale digital screens.[13][14] In markets where it is permitted, Mercedes-Benz opened city centre brand stores.[15]

Tesla Motors has rejected the dealership sales model based on the idea that dealerships do not properly explain the advantages of their cars, and they could not rely on third-party dealerships to handle their sales.[16] However, in the United States, direct manufacturer auto sales are prohibited in almost every state by franchise laws requiring that new cars be sold only by dealers.[17] In response, Tesla has opened city centre galleries where prospective customers can view cars that can only be ordered online.[18][19] These stores were inspired by the Apple Stores.[20] Tesla's model was the first of its kind, and has given them unique advantages as a new car company.[21]

Economic theory

[edit]

In economic theory, car dealerships can be characterized as franchisees and automobile manufacturers as franchisors. A franchise relationship can be beneficial to both parties, as the franchisee can sell a well-made and attractive product while the franchisor can rely on the franchisee to incur downstream costs and use its local relationships to sell more products and services.[1]

The franchisor can act opportunistically by imposing constraints and burden on the franchisee after the latter has incurred sunk costs, such as investing in physical assets and building up a reputation with customers. The franchisor could for example require that cars be sold at low prices, and services be performed for little compensation. The franchisee could on the other hand act opportunistically by using its local monopoly to perform poor customer service, charge customers more, and pass those unnecessarily high costs to the franchisor.[1][22]

Regulations that protect car dealers

[edit]

Car dealerships have lobbied for regulations that increase the survival and profitability of car dealerships:[1]

  • By 2010, all US states had laws that prohibited manufacturers from side-stepping independent car dealers and selling cars to customers directly.
  • By 2009, most states imposed restrictions on the creation of new dealerships to compete with incumbent dealerships.
  • All states impose severe limits on the ability of a manufacturer to terminate a franchise relationship.
  • Most states prevent manufacturers from engaging in "quantity forcing" whereby manufacturers require that dealers purchase vehicles that they had not ordered.
  • Most states limit the ability of manufacturers to discriminate between car dealers (for example, by providing better terms to large car dealers with economies of scale or dealers that provide better customer service).
  • Many state laws impose upon manufacturers the precise terms under which they must compensate dealers for the costs associated with warranty repairs (these can incentivize dealers to increase the price of repairs to customers).
  • Most state laws require upon the termination of a dealership that manufacturers buy back the inventory, and special equipment and in some cases pay the rent of the dealer's facilities.

The issuance of new dealership licenses can be subject to geographical restriction; if there is already a dealership for a company in an area, no one else can open one. This has led to dealerships becoming in essence hereditary, with families running dealerships in an area since the original issuance of their license with no fear of competition or any need to prove qualification or consumer benefit (beyond proving they meet minimum legal standards), as franchises in most jurisdictions can only be withdrawn for illegal activity and no other reason.[23]

Criticism

[edit]

Economists have characterized these laws as a form of rent-seeking that extracts rents from manufacturers of cars and increases costs for consumers of cars while raising profits for car dealers.[1][24][25][26] Multiple studies have shown that regulations that protect car dealerships increase car costs for consumers and limit the profitability of manufacturers.[27]

This has led to consumer campaigns for establishment or reform, which have been met by huge lobbying efforts by franchise holders. New companies trying to enter the market, such as Tesla, have been restricted by this model and have either been forced out or been forced to work around the franchise model, facing constant legal pressure.[28]

Electric vehicles

[edit]

According to a 2023 survey by the Sierra Club, two-thirds of US car dealerships did not have electric or hybrid vehicles for sale.[29] Reasons for this include supply chain difficulties,[29][30] as well as a need for car dealers to make substantial investments in new employee training and infrastructure to be able to sell, service and maintain electric vehicles.[31]

Car dealerships in the European Union

[edit]

In the European Union, car manufacturers were permitted from 1985 to 2006 to enter into contracts with car dealerships that restricted what kinds of cars dealers were permitted to sell.[32][33] Car manufacturers were able "to impose qualitative, quantitative and geographical restrictions on supply by selling their cars only through a limited number of dealers bound by strict franchise agreements."[32] In 2006, the European Commission determined that it was anti-competitive for car manufacturers to prohibit dealers from carrying multiple car brands.[33]

Car manufacturers in the European Union are increasingly shifting towards selling cars directly to customers without reliance on independent dealers. Volvo has announced plans to sell all vehicles directly to customers by 2030.[34][35]

Multibrand car dealers

[edit]

Multibrand and multi-maker car dealers sell cars from different and independent carmakers.[36] Some are specialized in electric vehicles.[37]

Auto transport

[edit]

Auto transport is used to move vehicles from the factory to the dealerships. This includes international and domestic shipping. It was largely a commercial activity conducted by manufacturers, dealers, and brokers. Internet use has encouraged this niche service to expand and reach the general consumer marketplace.

See also

[edit]
  • Auto auction
  • Auto row
  • Automaker
  • Car broker
  • Car rental
  • List of auto dealership and repair shop buildings
  • Showroom
  • Used car

Organizations

[edit]
  • Carfax
  • Kelley Blue Book
  • Federation of Automobile Dealers Associations of India (FADA)
  • National Automobile Dealers Association
  • Presidential Task Force on the Auto Industry

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g Lafontaine, Francine; Morton, Fiona Scott (2010). "Markets: State Franchise Laws, Dealer Terminations, and the Auto Crisis". Journal of Economic Perspectives. 24 (3): 233–250. doi:10.1257/jep.24.3.233. ISSN 0895-3309.
  2. ^ Bodisch, Gerald (May 2009). "Economic Effects Of State Bans On Direct Manufacturer Sales To Car Buyers". U.S. Department of Justice, Anti-Trust Division. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  3. ^ Strohl, Daniel (24 October 2018). "Sears sold many things well, just not automobiles". Hemmings. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  4. ^ Tate, Robert (17 March 2015). "When Sears Sold Vehicles: Remembering the Allstate | 2015 | Story of the Week". motorcities.org. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  5. ^ Ryan, Tom (31 March 2022). "Dealership Business Model: The Future of Automotive Retail". Archived from the original on 21 May 2022.
  6. ^ Quinland, Roger M. "Has the Traditional Automobile Franchise System Run Out of Gas?". The Franchise Lawyer. 16 (3). Archived from the original on 14 May 2016. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
  7. ^ The Evening Bulletin (published by Philadelphia Bulletin) 7 December 1953 page 1 (column 3) and page 16 (column 4) and The Evening Bulletin 29 January 1954 (obituary)
  8. ^ Cotter, Tom (22 September 2013). "Former AMC Dealership Full of Cars". Barn Finds. Retrieved 8 September 2019.
  9. ^ Tucker, Sean (15 September 2021). "The Future of Car Shopping: Fewer Dealerships, More Consolidation". Kelley Blue Book. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  10. ^ "NADA Data 2015 the annual financial profile of new-car dealerships". National Automobile Dealers Association. 2015. pp. 6–7. Retrieved 8 September 2019.
  11. ^ "New BMW stores to be big, open, beige".
  12. ^ "Geniuses smart move for dealers, BMW says".
  13. ^ Foy, Henry (29 December 2013). "Online showrooms and digital dealerships revolutionise car buying". FT. Archived from the original on 2 July 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
  14. ^ Singh, Sarwant. "The Future of Car Retailing". Forbes. Archived from the original on 29 April 2017.
  15. ^ "Mercedes-Benz growth strategy dominates 2013". daimler.com. 2 January 2014. Archived from the original on 8 January 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  16. ^ "Dealer or no dealer: Tesla's sales model under fire". america.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  17. ^ Bodisch, Gerald R. (May 2009). "Economic Effects of State Bans on Direct Manufacturer Sales to Car Buyers". United States Department of Justice. Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
  18. ^ "Tesla sets up shop in Dallas -- minus test-drives and sales".
  19. ^ "Tesla: we're not car dealerships". 6 June 2014. Archived from the original on 30 May 2016.
  20. ^ "The Perfect Tesla Store". tesla.com. Archived from the original on 6 December 2017.
  21. ^ Gross, Daniel (11 April 2016). "Tesla's Real Innovation Isn't the Electric Car". Slate. Archived from the original on 6 December 2017.
  22. ^ "Inside the rise of 'stealerships' and the shady economics of car buying". NPR. 2022.
  23. ^ "State Franchise Law Carjacks Auto Buyers".
  24. ^ "Death of a car salesman". The Economist. 2015. ISSN 0013-0613.
  25. ^ DePillis, Lydia (1 June 2017). "Auto dealerships are America's most powerful middlemen". Chron.
  26. ^ Girotra, Karan; Netessine, Serguei (2014). "The Fight Over Tesla Shows How Little Value Dealerships Add". Harvard Business Review. ISSN 0017-8012.
  27. ^ "Auto Franchise Laws Restrict Consumer Choice and Increase Prices".
  28. ^ Yglesias, Matthew (26 October 2014). "Car dealers are awful. It's time to kill the dumb laws that keep them in business". Vox. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  29. ^ a b Calma, Justine (12 May 2023). "What two-thirds of car dealerships are missing in the US". The Verge.
  30. ^ Irfan, Umair (8 May 2023). "Why most car dealers still don't have any electric vehicles". Vox. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  31. ^ Wayland, Michael (28 January 2023). "Carmakers face a crossroads as they work to fit auto dealers into their EV plans". CNBC. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  32. ^ a b "Car industry at the crossroads". POLITICO. 5 September 2001.
  33. ^ a b "European car dealers win right to multi-francise [sic]". The Irish Times. 2006.
  34. ^ Campbell, Peter (2 March 2021). "Volvo Cars to go all electric by 2030 as it shifts sales online". Financial Times.
  35. ^ Apeldoorn, Robert Van (22 November 2021). "Acheter sa voiture sur le net, une évolution qui pourrait bouleverser la vente via les concessionnaires". Trends-Tendances (in French). Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  36. ^ "Publications - European Commission" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
  37. ^ Blanco, Sebastian. "First EVEN EV store opens in Iceland's biggest shopping mall". Archived from the original on 6 April 2015.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Genat, Robert (2004). The American Car Dealership. Motorbooks International. ISBN 9780760319345.
[edit]
  • EU car dealership reforms

 

Can-Am Motorcycles
Headquarters
Valcourt
,
Canada
Products Motorcycles
Parent Bombardier Corporation
Website can-am.brp.com/us/en/

Can-Am is a Canadian subsidiary of Bombardier Recreational Products (BRP) founded in 1972 and based in Valcourt, Quebec.[1][2] The company produced off-road motorcycles from 1972 to 1987. In 1997, the company was reformed and began production of ATV vehicles as well as the Can-Am Spyder three-wheeled motorcycle. In 2024 Can-Am released two new electric motorcycle models.[3]

History

[edit]

Brand history

[edit]

Can-Am was created as a subsidiary of the Bombardier Corporation in 1972.[4] The barn that housed the original Can-Am headquarters still exists at the Bombardier test facility within the Circuit Yvon Duhamel and is located a few miles south of Valcourt, Quebec.[1] The right side of the barn housed the offices for design and engineering, and the left side was used for fabrication.[2] Can-Am's name was the result of a Bombardier employee competition based on the anticipated Canadian vs. American market, though the existence of the Can-Am racing series necessitated the purchase of rights to the name.[2]

Based on the Bultaco design principle of a standard-size frame that could accommodate a range of differently sized engines, engineers Gary Robison, Bob Fisher, and Camille Picard, and former 500cc Motocross World Champion Jeff Smith designed a competition motorcycle from scratch using engines supplied by the Austrian firm, Rotax, another Bombardier subsidiary.[1][5] Their design featured steering head bearing cups that allowed for the adjustment of the steering head angle; these were mainly driven by simplified production on the assembly line.[2]

The machines made an immediate impact, with riders winning Gold, Silver and bronze medals at the International Six Days Trial.[1] The International Six Days Trial, now known as the International Six Days Enduro, is a form of off-road motorcycle Olympics which is the oldest annual competition sanctioned by the FIM dating back to 1913.[6]

In 1974, the Can-Am factory racing team swept the AMA 250cc motocross national championship with Can-Am riders Gary Jones, Marty Tripes and Jimmy Ellis, finishing first, second and third in the championship although, Tripes had raced for most of the season on a Husqvarna motorcycle before being hired by Can-Am for the last race of the season.[4][7][8][9]

Can-Am enduro rider Skip Olson finished second to Dick Burleson in the 1976 AMA Enduro national championship.[10] Can-Am's motorcycle racing success enhanced the brand's image and they gained a reputation for their high horsepower outputs.[4][11] In 1983, Can-Am released a 250 cc road racing motorcycle. Using two 125 cc Rotax motors with a conjoined crankshaft, the motorcycle featured a bespoke frame with an aluminum swingarm.[2]

When the 1973 oil crisis precipitated a decrease in sales of recreational vehicles, Bombardier was forced to reduce their snowmobile and motorcycle production.[12] Bombardier then shifted its priority from recreational products towards the transit equipment industry and then, several years later, into aircraft manufacturing.[12] As a result, investments in product development were reduced substantially and, Can-Am was unable to keep pace with Japanese manufacturers as rapid advancements in motocross technology progressed during the 1970s and 1980s.[12][13] In 1983, Bombardier licensed the brand and outsourced development and production of the Can-Am motorcycles to Armstrong-CCM Motorcycles of Lancashire, England.[4][13] 1987 was the final year of Can-Am motorcycle production.[1][4]

Rebirth and rebranding

[edit]

In 2006, Bombardier reintroduced the Can-Am brand with its Can-Am Off-Road range of all-terrain vehicles (ATV). In 2007, the Can-Am brand was also used for the Can-Am Spyder, a new three-wheeled roadster.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e "History of Can-Am®". www.familypowersports.com. 2019-02-21. Retrieved 2022-07-28.
  2. ^ a b c d e "The Beginning". Canned Ham. Retrieved 2022-07-28.
  3. ^ "Canada's BRP Adds Two Electric Motorcycles To Can-Am's Offerings". forbes. Retrieved 2024-08-31.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Can-Am's history". cyclenews.com. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  5. ^ "Bike Design". canned-ham.com. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  6. ^ "History of the International Six Days Trial". ultimatemotorcycling.com. 25 October 2010. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
  7. ^ "Jeff Smith at the AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame". motorcyclemuseum.org. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
  8. ^ "Gary Jones at the AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame". motorcyclemuseum.org. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
  9. ^ "1974 Motocross Season". racerxonline.com. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
  10. ^ Assoc, American Motorcyclist (January 1977). Familiar Faces Fill the Forest, American Motorcyclist, January 1977, Vol. 31, No. 1, ISSN 0277-9358. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
  11. ^ "BRP Returns To Two-Wheelers With The Can-Am Electric Motorcycle". Woman Motorcycle Enthusiast. 2022-03-25. Retrieved 2022-07-28.
  12. ^ a b c "Bombardier: Our history". bombardier.com. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  13. ^ a b "The Demise of Can-Am". canned-ham.com. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
(Learn how and when to remove this message)
Two images showing a Mazda 323F's headlights retracted and visible.

Street-legal, road-legal, or road-going, refers to a vehicle such as a car, motorcycle, or light truck that is equipped and licensed for use on public roads, being therefore roadworthy. This will require specific configurations of lighting, signal lights, and safety equipment. Some specialty vehicles that will not be operated on roads, therefore, do not need all the features of a street-legal vehicle; examples are a vehicle used only off-road (such as a sandrail) that is trailered to its off-road operating area, and a racing car that is used only on closed race tracks and therefore does not need all the features of a street-legal vehicle. As well as motor vehicles, the street-legal distinction applies in some jurisdictions to track bicycles that lack street-legal brakes and lights. Street-legality rules can even affect racing helmets, which possess visual fields too narrow for use on an open road without the risk of missing a fast-moving vehicle.[1]

The Porsche 911 GT1 '98 "Straßenversion" (German: Roadworthy Version) is a street-legal racing car and a single copy of the racing version, that succeeded at the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1998.

Conditional

[edit]

Some vehicles may be street-legal only in certain areas, routes or use cases, such as UTVs or tractors only allowed on-road in rural areas or driving between different off-road areas/private properties.[2][3] Enduro dirt bikes on dirt/gravel roads in National parks for personal recreational use.[4] Small engine motorcycle/moped or microcars/quadricycle only allowed on (low speed) streets and not (high speed) highways.[5][6] Vehicles imported from another country for testing, display or remanufacturing.[7] Rally cars or trophy trucks, immediately before, during and immediately after rallies.[8]

Canada

[edit]
New kei trucks are illegal to drive on public roads in Canada

In Canada, all ten provinces follow a consistent set of national criteria issued by Transport Canada for specific equipment required as part of a street-legal vehicle. In some provinces, the Highway Traffic Act is a matter of provincial jurisdiction; provinces with such an Act include Ontario, Manitoba, and Newfoundland and Labrador.

Many but not all U.S.-model vehicles do qualify for import to Canada, but must meet requirements for items such as daytime running lights (standard on Canadian-market vehicles since 1991, but not required in the U.S.), anti-theft immobilisers, and anchorage points for child seats.[9] Cars from other countries (such as the UK) typically do not qualify, as standards are too widely divergent from those in Canada.[10]

India

[edit]

Requirements for manufacturing, registering, and operating motor vehicles in India are codified by the Central Motor Vehicles Rules (CMVR), as maintained by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways.[11] Street-legal two-, three-, and four-wheeled vehicles must comply with structure, safety equipment, and operating conditions in CMVR 93–125.[12]

United Kingdom

[edit]

In the United Kingdom, vehicles must pass the Single Vehicle Approval (SVA) scheme, a pre-registration inspection for cars and light goods vehicles[13] that have not been type-approved to British or European standards. Since August 2001, there have been two levels of SVA, those being 'standard' and 'enhanced'. The standard SVA is applied to vehicles such as left-hand drive vehicles, personally imported vehicles, amateur-built vehicles and armoured vehicles, to name a few. Vehicles which do not fall into one of the standard SVA categories – for example a vehicle of right-hand drive – require enhanced SVA in addition to standard SVA inspections.[14]

The SVA is in the process of being replaced by the Individual Vehicle Approval (IVA).[13]

United States

[edit]
Tesla Cybertruck is not legal in Europe or China and exclusively sold in USA and Canada

In the United States, the individual states have the authority to determine, by means of statutes and regulations, which types of vehicles are permitted on public streets, as a function of police power. Vehicles that are considered street-legal in the U.S. include automobiles, trucks, and motorcycles.[15] Some vehicles that are not generally sold for on-road driving – such as all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) and golf carts – can potentially be adapted for street use, if permitted by state law.[16][17]

Most requirements for automobiles are largely consistent between U.S. states.[18] A notable exception is California emission control, which has traditionally been more strict than that in other states.[19] Common requirements for automobiles include structure (examples: hood) and safety equipment (examples: headlamps and bumpers).[20]

Common requirements for motorcycles include side view mirrors and a dedicated seat in order to transport a passenger.[21] However, states vary widely on other equipment such as turn signals.[21]

See also

[edit]
  • Roadworthiness
  • Rolling coal

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions about Snell and Helmets". Snell Memorial Foundation, Inc. Archived from the original on 2012-09-22. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
  2. ^ Transport for NSW (2021-01-29). "Ultra-light utility vehicle: Registration, uses and equipment | NSW Government". www.nsw.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2024-04-24. Retrieved 2024-04-24.
  3. ^ "Agricultural Vehicle and Combination Road Access in NSW" (PDF).
  4. ^ "vic roads - Recreation Motorcycle Registration".
  5. ^ "Motorcycles in France". Just Landed. Archived from the original on 2024-04-24. Retrieved 2024-04-24.
  6. ^ "老头乐要合法上路,到底是好事还是坏事?". 知乎专栏 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2024-08-28. Retrieved 2024-04-24.
  7. ^ Here's Why the 2022 Toyota Land Cruiser 300-Series Should Be Sold in America. Retrieved 2024-04-24 – via www.youtube.com.
  8. ^ NSW, Transport for (2021-01-11). "Registering a rally vehicle | NSW Government". www.nsw.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2024-04-24. Retrieved 2024-04-24.
  9. ^ The Registrar of Imported Vehicles, a private company under contract by Transport Canada, provides some information on which US-model vehicles are or can be made street-legal in Canada.
  10. ^ "Importing vehicles purchased in countries OTHER than the United States". Transport Canada. Government of Canada. 1 January 2013. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  11. ^ "Central Motor Vehicles Rules 1989". Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. 2012-06-18. Archived from the original on 2013-10-13. Retrieved 2013-10-13.
  12. ^ "Rules relating to Type Approval of Vehicles and Methods of Establishing Compliance". Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM). 2005. Archived from the original on 2011-08-21.
  13. ^ a b "7. Single Vehicle Approval". Guide: Vehicle approval. GOV.UK. 23 September 2013. Archived from the original on 28 August 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
  14. ^ "The UK Single Vehicle Approval Scheme". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on September 22, 2009.
  15. ^ "State Motorcycle Laws". American Motorcyclist Association. Archived from the original on 2012-10-05. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
  16. ^ "State ATV Information". Consumer Product Safety Commission. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  17. ^ "Attorney General Opinion No. 94-102". Kansas Attorney General Opinions. Washburn University School of Law. 17 August 1994. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  18. ^ Hinkelman, Edward G. (2003). Importers Manual USA. World Trade Press. p. 272. ISBN 1885073933.
  19. ^ Overly, Steven (23 February 2017). "Even in Trump's America, California could decide how cleanly your car runs". Washington Post. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  20. ^ "10 Common Illegal Alterations Made to Cars". National Motorists Association Blog. 3 April 2012. Archived from the original on 28 August 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  21. ^ a b American Motorcyclist Association (27 September 2012), Motorcycle Laws by State (Revised 9-27-2012), archived from the original on 14 October 2013

 

About Shorewood Home & Auto (Formerly Circle Tractor)

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41.576559514074, -88.017102969337
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Shorewood Home & Auto (Formerly Circle Tractor), 13639 W 159th St, Homer Glen, IL 60491, USA
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41.606342917118, -87.909382977642
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Shorewood Home & Auto (Formerly Circle Tractor), 13639 W 159th St, Homer Glen, IL 60491, USA
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41.58938458501, -87.942080491627
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Shorewood Home & Auto (Formerly Circle Tractor), 13639 W 159th St, Homer Glen, IL 60491, USA
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